Maintained Reduction of Intraocular Pressure by Prostaglandin F2α-1-Isopropyl Ester Applied in Multiple Doses in Ocular Hypertensive and Glaucoma Patients

α-Methyl-p-Tyrosine Inhibits Latanoprost-Induced Melanogenesis In Vitro

“…Latanoprost is a recent anti-glaucoma agent, synthetic derivative of the natural prostanglandin PGF2α (Camras et al, 1989 ;Kertstetter, Brubaker, Wilson and Kullerstrand, 1988). Its original mechanism of action consists of a reduction in intraocular pressure by facilitating aqueous uveoscleral outflow (Lindsey et al,1997 ;Mishima et al, 1997 ;Toris, Camras and Yablonski, 1993) without affecting trabecular outflow (Kerstetter et al, 1988).…”

Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Monkeys after Topical 8-Iso PGE2

“…The additivity of topical 8-iso PGE 2 and latanoprost in lowering IOP in glaucoma monkeys 11 could result from the action of 8-iso PGE 2 at additional PG receptor subtypes that are not stimulated by FP-selective latanoprost. 29 Stimulation of different combinations of PG receptors could affect Fu more substantially, as is seen with PGF 2␣ -ie, 3 which is not completely FP-selective. 29 Also, 8-iso PGE 2 may be more effective than latanoprost at increasing Fu and decreasing IOP in monkeys, because latanoprost is less effective in ocular normotensive monkeys than in ocular normotensive humans (Kaufman PL, unpublished observations, 1992).…”

“…PGF 2␣ -ie, and latanoprost dramatically lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in monkeys and humans, mainly by increasing uveoscleral outflow (Fu). [3][4][5][6][7][8] It was hypothesized that 8-iso PGE 2 might alter aqueous humor outflow by enhancing trabecular outflow. Several studies support this hypothesis.…”

Medications Used to Treat Glaucoma

“…They are all derivatives of prostaglandin F 2a , based on pioneering work by Bito, Stjernschantz, and Camras. [173][174][175][176] This class of glaucoma medications increase both trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral outflow, [177][178][179] and are less affected by circadian variations in aqueous production than the betablockers. 180,181 Although these drugs have this dual mechanism of action, most of the increased outflow facility can be attributed to their effects on the pressure-independent uveo-scleral outflow pathway.…”