Mainstream Nitrite-Shunt with Biological Phosphorus Removal at the City of St. Petersburg Southwest WRF

Jiménez, José; Wise, George; Burger, Gillian; Du, Weiwei; Dold, Peter

doi:10.2175/193864714815942116

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…In the A2O configuration, TIN removal efficiency was the same, regardless of the amount of SND that occurred. This suggests that process configurations with a preanoxic zone (e.g., MLE or A2O) are less likely to benefit from increased TIN removal by implementing low DO aeration control strategies than configurations without (A/O), and this would appear to be consistent with full‐scale experience elsewhere (Jimenez, Wise, Burger, Du, & Dold, 2014). This should be rationalized with the fact that TIN removal was higher for A2O configuration than A/O configuration (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparison of sensor driven aeration control strategies for improved understanding of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification

Klaus

Bott

2020

Water Environment Research

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A pilot scale process was operated with A‐stage effluent (ASE) and primary clarifier effluent (PCE) in MLE, all tanks aerated, A/O, and A2O configurations. Continuous DO control at high DO (2 mg/L), low DO (0.1–0.3 mg/L), ammonia‐based aeration control (ABAC), and ammonia versus NOx (AvN) control (both continuous and intermittent operation) were compared on the basis of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal, and simultaneous nitrification‐denitrification (SND). The highly loaded adsorption/bio‐oxidation (A/B) process configuration (4 hr HRT) with intermittent aeration was capable of achieving a maximum TIN removal of 80%, while the A2O process with PCE feed, an 11 hr HRT, and 0.2–0.3 mg/L DO continuous aeration achieved a maximum of 88% TIN removal. ABAC and AvN control did not always result in DO setpoints low enough to achieve SND, and even if setpoints were low enough to achieve SND that did not always result in increased overall TIN removal over continuous DO control of 2 mg/L. While there are other benefits to transitioning to sensor driven aeration control strategies such as ABAC and AvN, increased TIN removal during continuous aeration is not guaranteed. Results suggest that although low DO is a prerequisite for SND, carbon availability for denitrification in the aerobic zone is more likely to be the limiting factor once low DO conditions are met. Practitioner points Intermittent aeration control results in higher TIN removal than continuous aeration at the same total SRT Continuous aeration AvN control is not likely to result in more TIN removal than continuous aeration ABAC for a given COD and nitrogen load Configurations that are designed to maximize predenitrification (e.g., MLE and A2O) are less likely to achieve increased SND in the aerobic zone from low DO operation than configurations that are not (e.g., A/O).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparison of sensor driven aeration control strategies for improved understanding of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification

Klaus

Bott

2020

Water Environment Research

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“…While conditions for AOB proliferation and NOB suppression are well known for reject water treatment (Hellinga et al, 1998) 2008) while high DO was found to favour AOB over NOB in other mainstream studies (Cao et al, 2013;De Clippeleir et al, 2013;Remgi et al, 2014). Jimenez et al (2014) describes a twostage anaerobic(25%)-aerobic(75%) Phoredox (or A/O) plant (Southwest WWTP in St Petersburg, Florida, USA) treating an influent wastewater with a COD/TKN ratio of 7:1 and temperature between 23 and 30°C at low aerobic reactor DO (0.4 to 0.1 mgO/ℓ). This plant achieves a low effluent total inorganic N (2-4 mgN/ℓ) and low ortho-P (0.1 mgOP/ℓ).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW - Recent developments in biological nutrient removal

Ekama¹

2015

WSA

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Biological nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal from municipal wastewater with the activated sludge (AS) system has been the preferred technology for the last 40 years. While several questions remain to be answered for more consistent, reliable and stable performance for enhanced biological P removal (EBPR), recent developments in this technology have focused on (i) increasing capacity and reducing the plant space footprint and (ii) improving N removal. To increase capacity and reduce AS system space, (a) integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS), (b) external nitrification, (c) membrane, (d) aerobic granulation BNR systems and (e) more efficient N removal bioprocesses (anammox and nitrite shunt) have been developed. With IFAS, fixed media are added to the aerobic activated sludge reactor to make nitrification independent of the suspended AS sludge age. With external nitrification, nitrification is achieved in a side-stream fixed media reactor, which removes the size-defining nitrification process from the suspended AS system and halves its sludge age, improves sludge settleability and increases capacity. With membranes, secondary settling tanks are replaced with in-reactor membranes for solid-liquid separation. With aerobic granulation, the activated sludge process is controlled to form fastsettling granules comprising heterotrophs, nitrifiers, denitrifiers and phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a sequencing batch (SBR) type reactor -the granules not only settle fast but the SBR-type operation also removes the need for secondary settling tanks allowing higher reactor solids concentrations and hence smaller reactors. To achieve N removal more efficiently, methods are being developed to (i) short-circuit nitrification-denitrification (ND) by preventing nitrate formation and enforcing ND over nitrite -this requires less oxygen and organics than ND over nitrate allowing lower N concentrations to be achieved for the same influent organics concentration and oxygen supply, and (ii) encouraging the growth of anammox bacteria in the activated sludge which remove N autotrophically by combining ammonia and nitrite to form nitrogen gas -this halves oxygen demand for nitrification and requires no organics. These recent developments in BNR technology are briefly reviewed in this paper.

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“…121 First full-scale references are available in warm weather conditions (i.e. wastewater temperature above 20°C) 123 , and next steps should focus to implement nitritation/denitratation in colder climates.…”

Section: Developing Mainstream Shortcut Nitrogen Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture–Ferment–Upgrade: A Three-Step Approach for the Valorization of Sewage Organics as Commodities

Alloul

Ganigué

Spiller

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

114

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This critical review outlines a roadmap for the conversion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) contained in sewage to commodities based on three-steps: capture COD as sludge, ferment it to volatile fatty acids (VFA), and upgrade VFA to products. The article analyzes the state-of-the-art of this three-step approach and discusses the bottlenecks and challenges. The potential of this approach is illustrated for the European Union's 28 member states (EU-28) through Monte Carlo simulations. High-rate contact stabilization captures the highest amount of COD (66-86 g COD person equivalent day in 60% of the iterations). Combined with thermal hydrolysis, this would lead to a VFA-yield of 23-44 g COD person equivalent day. Upgrading VFA generated by the EU-28 would allow, in 60% of the simulations, for a yearly production of 0.2-2.0 megatonnes of esters, 0.7-1.4 megatonnes of polyhydroxyalkanoates or 0.6-2.2 megatonnes of microbial protein substituting, respectively, 20-273%, 70-140% or 21-72% of their global counterparts (i.e., petrochemical-based esters, bioplastics or fishmeal). From these flows, we conclude that sewage has a strong potential as biorefinery feedstock, although research is needed to enhance capture, fermentation and upgrading efficiencies. These developments need to be supported by economic/environmental analyses and policies that incentivize a more sustainable management of our resources.

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Mainstream Nitrite-Shunt with Biological Phosphorus Removal at the City of St. Petersburg Southwest WRF

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of sensor driven aeration control strategies for improved understanding of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification

Comparison of sensor driven aeration control strategies for improved understanding of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification

REVIEW - Recent developments in biological nutrient removal

Capture–Ferment–Upgrade: A Three-Step Approach for the Valorization of Sewage Organics as Commodities

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