Main predators of insect pests: screening and evaluation through comprehensive indices

Yang, Tingbang; Liu, Jie; Yuan, Long-yu; Zhang, Yang; Yu, Peng; Li, Daiqin; Chen, Jian

doi:10.1002/ps.4613

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…The sweep-net was held beneath the tea canopies, which was struck five times with a stick. All spiders were individually put into 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes containing 100% ethanol, and then kept on ice until returned to the laboratory ( Yang et al, 2017 ). According to the classification of toxicity issued by the IOBC (International Organization of Biological Control), the insecticides tested under the field conditions were classified as N, harmless or slightly harmful (0–50% reduction); M, moderately harmful (51–75% reduction); or T, harmful (75% reduction) ( Boller et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological control has gained recognition as an essential component of successful integrated pest management (IPM) ( Murphy & Briscoe, 1999 ; Jacobsen, Zidack & Larson, 2004 ; Yang et al, 2017 ). Predatory natural enemies play key functional roles in the biological control of IPM ( Rutledge, Fox & Landis, 2004 ), and spiders are the most dominant predatory natural enemies in the tea plantation ecosystem ( Chen et al, 2004 ; Das, Roy & Mukhopadhyay, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hu et al (1994) used feeding trials in the laboratory to show that Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria prey on the larvae of E. obliqua . Yang et al (2017) have demonstrated that these two species exhibit maximum potential in taking control of E. obliqua larvae, which will be disturbed if chemicals with adverse effects are used. Allowing for that, it has become necessary to find alternative, as well as effective biodegradable insecticides with greater acceptability than chemical insecticides ( Roy, Mukhopadhyay & Gurusubramanian, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides

Zeng

Zhao

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundTea is one of the most economically important crops in China. However, the tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua), a serious leaf-feeding pest, causes significant damage to tea crops and reduces tea yield and quality. Spiders are the most dominant predatory enemies in the tea plantation ecosystem, which makes them potentially useful biological control agents of E. obliqua. These highlight the need for alternative pest control measures. Our previous studies have shown that tea saponin (TS) exerts insecticidal activity against lepidopteran pests. Here, we investigate whether TS represents a potentially new alternative insecticide with no harm to spiders.MethodsWe investigated laboratory bioactivities and the field control properties of TS solution against E. obliqua. (i) A leaf-dip bioassay was used to evaluate the toxicity of TS to 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae and effects of TS on the activities of enzymes glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES) and peroxidase (POD) of 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae in the laboratory. (ii) Topical application was used to measure the toxicity of 30% TS (w/v) and two chemical insecticides (10% bifenthrin EC and 50% diafenthiuron SC) to two species of spider, Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria. (iii) Field trials were used to investigate the controlling efficacy of 30% TS against E. obliqua larvae and to classify the effect of TS to spiders in the tea plantation.ResultsThe toxicity of TS to 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae occurred in a dose-dependent manner and the LC50 was 164.32 mg/mL. Activities of the detoxifying-related enzymes, GST and POD, increased in 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae, whereas AChE and CES were inhibited with time by treatment with TS. Mortalities of E. tricuspidata and E. albaria after 48 h with 30% TS treatment (16.67% and 20%, respectively) were significantly lower than those with 10% bifenthrin EC (80% and 73.33%, respectively) and 50% diafenthiuron EC (43.33% and 36.67%, respectively). The highest controlling efficacy of 30% TS was 77.02% at 5 d after treatment, which showed no difference to 10% bifenthrin EC or 50% diafenthiuron SC. 30% TS was placed in the class N (harmless or slightly harmful) of IOBC (International Organization of Biological Control) categories for natural enemies, namely spiders.ConclusionsOur results indicate that TS is a botanical insecticide that has a good controlling efficacy in E. obliqua larvae, which suggests it has promise as application in the integrated pest management (IPM) envisaged for tea crops.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides

Zeng

Zhao

et al. 2018

PeerJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Manuscript to be reviewed until returned to the laboratory (Yang et al, 2017). According to the classification of toxicity issued by the IOBC (International Organization of Biological Control), the insecticides tested under the field conditions were classified as N, harmless or slightly harmful (0 -50% reduction); M, moderately harmful (51 -75% reduction); or T, harmful (75% reduction) (Boller et al, 2005).…”

Section: Comparative Controlling Efficacy Of 30% Ts (W/v) and Chemicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any integrated approach to pest management must be compatible with natural enemy conservation (Amoabeng et al, 2013). Yang et al (2017) employed comprehensive indices for evaluating the predation of E. obliqua by nine common spider species in Chinese tea plantations. Although the pooled average number of spiders with TS treatment was significantly lower than that with clean water application (Table 4) after 7 d of reagent application in this study, we supposed that this lower abundance of spiders in experimental plots may be due to reduced prey availability (Sunderland, 1992;Markó et al, 2009).…”

Section: Therefore Ts Exerted Multiple Modes Of Action Involving Enzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides (v0.1)"

Gu¹

2018

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Background. Tea is one of the most economically important crops in China. However, the tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua), a serious leaf-feeding pest, causes significant damage to tea crops and reduces tea yield and quality. Spiders are the most dominant predatory enemies in the tea plantation ecosystem, which makes them potentially useful biological control agents of E. obliqua. These highlight the need for alternative pest control measures. Our previous studies have shown that tea saponin (TS) exerts insecticidal activity against lepidopteran pests. Here, we investigate whether TS represents a potentially new alternative insecticide with no harm to spiders. Methods. We investigated laboratory bioactivities and the field control properties of TS solution against E. obliqua. (i) A leaf-dip bioassay was used to evaluate the toxicity of TS to 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae and effects of TS on the activities of enzymes glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES) and peroxidase (POD) of 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae in the laboratory. (ii) Topical application was used to measure the toxicity of 30% TS (w/v) and two chemical insecticides (10% bifenthrin EC and 50% diafenthiuron SC) to two species of spider, Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria. (iii) Field trials were used to investigate the controlling efficacy of 30% TS against E. obliqua larvae and to classify the effect of TS to spiders in the tea plantation. Results. The toxicity of TS to 3rdinstar E. obliqua larvae occurred in a dose-dependent manner and the LC 50 was 164.32 mg/mL. Activities of the detoxifying-related enzymes, GST and POD, increased in 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae, whereas AChE and CES were inhibited with time by treatment with TS. Mortalities of E. tricuspidata and E. albaria after 48 h with 30% TS treatment (16.67% and 20%, respectively) were significantly lower than those with 10% bifenthrin EC (80% and 73.33%, respectively) and 50% diafenthiuron EC (43.33% and 36.67%, respectively). The highest controlling efficacy of 30% TS was 77.02% at 5 d after treatment, which showed no

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Compared with conventional PCR assay, qPCR assay greatly improves the detection efficiency of predation

Yang

Liu

Chen

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Studies of predation can contribute greatly to understanding predator–prey relationships and can also provide integral knowledge concerning food webs and multi‐trophic level interactions. Both conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) have been employed to detect predation in the field because of their sensitivity and reproducibility. However, to date, few studies have been used to comprehensively demonstrate which method is more sensitive and reproducible in studies of predation. We used a Drosophila melanogaster‐ specific DNA fragment (99 bp) to construct a tenfold gradient dilution of standards. Additionally, we obtained DNA samples from Pardosa pseudoannulata individuals that fed on D. melanogaster at various time since feeding. Finally, we compared the sensitivity and reproducibility between cPCR and qPCR assays for detecting DNA samples from feeding trials and standards. The results showed that the cPCR and qPCR assays could detect as few as 1.62 × 10 3 and 1.62 × 10 1 copies of the target DNA fragment, respectively. The cPCR assay could detect as few as 48 hr post‐feeding of the target DNA fragment. But the qPCR assay showed that all spiders were positive after consuming prey at various time intervals (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr). A smaller proportion of the technical replicates were positive using cPCR, and some bands on the agarose gel were absent or gray, while some were white and bright for the same DNA samples after amplification by cPCR. By contrast, a larger proportion of the technical replicates were positive using qPCR and the coefficients of variation of the Ct value for the three technical replicates of each DNA sample were less than 5%. These data showed that qPCR was more sensitive and highly reproducible in detecting such degraded DNA from predator's gut. The present study provides an example of the use of cPCR and qPCR to detect the target DNA fragment of prey remains in predator's gut.

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Main predators of insect pests: screening and evaluation through comprehensive indices

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides

Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides

Peer Review #1 of "Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides (v0.1)"

Compared with conventional PCR assay, qPCR assay greatly improves the detection efficiency of predation

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