Main Long Bones of Limbs of the Jomon People

Abstract

The proportional relationships among the lengths of main limb bones comprising the humerus, radius, tibia and femur of the Jomon people are examined by means of comparison with those of the Kofun and recent Japanese. The disto-proximal indices (the radio-humeral and tibiofemoral) of the Jomon are significantly greater than those of the comparison ages, but the humero-femoral index, as a intermembral, is significantly smaller. Logarithmic plots showing the relation between each two bones, indicate no significant age differences among the inclinations of regression lines corresponding to allometry coefficients. However, significant age differences among the levels of lines were found. According to previous studies, there may be two factors affecting the proportions among limb segments, one biomechanical and the other thermal. The adaptation to mode of life, such as hunting of quick moving animals, appears to be a more reasonable interpretation of the relatively long distal segments (high disto-proximal indices) of the Jomon people.

Geographic variation in body form of prehistoric Jomon males in the Japanese archipelago: Its ecogeographic implications

“…This finding totally coincides with results of previous studies (Kato and Ogata, 1989;Yamaguchi, 1989;Takigawa, 2006;Temple and Matsumura, 2011), and suggests that, despite variation in ambient climate, Jomon people from subarctic Hokkaido to subtropical insular Okinawa shared similar body proportions. This finding totally coincides with results of previous studies (Kato and Ogata, 1989;Yamaguchi, 1989;Takigawa, 2006;Temple and Matsumura, 2011), and suggests that, despite variation in ambient climate, Jomon people from subarctic Hokkaido to subtropical insular Okinawa shared similar body proportions.…”

“…Regarding intralimb proportions, all the ratio measurements examined in the present study did not indicate a north-south geographic cline, nor did they differ significantly among the five regional Jomon groups. This finding totally coincides with results of previous studies (Kato and Ogata, 1989;Yamaguchi, 1989;Takigawa, 2006;Temple and Matsumura, 2011), and suggests that, despite variation in ambient climate, Jomon people from subarctic Hokkaido to subtropical insular Okinawa shared similar body proportions. Such limited regional variation is also observed in Jomon craniofacial attributes (Dodo, 1982;Yamaguchi, 1982;Kondo, 1994;Matsumura et al, 2001;Matsumura, 2007;Hanihara and Ish-ida, 2009;Ishida et al, 2009;Fukase et al, 2012).…”

Variation in limb proportions between Jomon foragers and Yayoi agriculturalists from prehistoric Japan

“…Cranial and dental size and shape varied between Jomon and Yayoi people in association with environment and gene flow (Suzuki, 1969;Brace and Nagai, 1982;Mizoguchi, 1986;Hanihara, 1991;Turner, 1992;Matsumura, 1995;Nakahashi, 1995;Pietrusewsky, 1999;Okazaki, 2004). This variability is further illustrated through differences in limb proportions between the two groups (Kato and Ogata, 1989;Yamaguchi, 1989). Previous studies report that Jomon foragers had higher brachial and crural indices than Yayoi people and were similar in limb proportions to low latitude, tropical groups such as the African San (Yamaguchi, 1989).…”

Body shape of the Jomon people in view of limb-trunk proportion

“…) 。さらに現代人では，橈骨／上腕骨 長(brachial index)と脛骨／大腿骨長(crural index)と いう上・下肢の遠位／近位骨長比が，寒冷地より温暖地 域の集団で大きくなる傾向が示されており，これらがア レンの法則のもう 1 つの指標になると考えられてきた (Trinkaus, 1981;Holliday, 1995;Holliday and Hilton, 2010 Yamaguchi, 1982Yamaguchi, , 1989Kato and Ogata, 1989;Wada and Motomura, 2000;土肥ら， 2000;瀧 川，2005, 2006Temple et al, 2008Temple and Matsumura, 2011;Fukase et al, 2012;Kudaka et al, (Suzuki, 1969;鈴木，1998;Yamaguchi, 1982;Hanihara, 1991 (Yamaguchi, 1989;Kato and Ogata, 1989)とは相容れない 仮説を提唱している。 このように従来の解釈は混沌としているが，より厳密 にアレンの法則に沿って体形を評価するためには，四肢 内プロポーションではなく，胴体と四肢のプロポーショ ンを調査する必要がある (Ruff, 1991(Ruff, , 1994(Ruff, , 2002Holliday, 1997a, b) 。実際に， 胴幅(骨盤最大幅)や胴長(脊椎高) をパラメータとした四肢：胴体比は，四肢骨長比よりも 異なる気候帯に属する集団をよく分離することが示され ているが (Holliday, 1995;Holliday and Hilton, 2010 Haninara, 1991;Dodo and Ishida, 1990;Nakahashi, 1993;Matsumura, 1994 …”