Main directions of development of agro-technologies for production of spring wheat species for sustainable agriculture in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region

Abstract

The article presents the results of research conducted in different soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region on the influence of regulated factors, as well as environmental factors on the production process of plants of various types of spring wheat. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is enough to obtain yields within 12–13 tons of dry biomass or 6–7 tons of grain. Natural precipitation is able to provide 3.82–4.36 t of spring wheat grain from 1 ha, and 4.5–6.3 t/ha by the total influence of solar energy, heat and moisture supply. Natural level of soil fertility without application of organic and mineral fertilizers allows to receive about 2 tons of spring wheat grain from 1 ha. Application of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac water (N-20.5 %) increased the yield in comparison with the use of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac saltpeter: the increase was 0.14 t per 1 ha. In the conditions of grey forest soil in the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan the optimal norm of sowing of spring wheat Triticum dicoccum Schuebl (spelt) depending on the feeding background was established. Growth of yield at sowing of 6 million seeds per hectare at all levels of nutrition in comparison with sowing rate of 4 million tons per hectare was 0.18 tons per hectare against the natural background, against the estimated background of NRC on 2.0 tons of grain – 0.19 tons and 2.5 tons of grain – 0.24 tons per hectare. The maximum yield increase was received at a combination of a mineral foodstuff with an optimum norm of sowing and has made on a settlement background 2 tons of grain from hectare – 0.20 tons, on 2.5 tons of grain – 0.34 tons from hectare. Thus, the aim of our research was to develop methods of growing high yielding quality grain of different types of wheat adapted to the conditions of forest-steppe in the Volga region.

Influence of the nutritional level and pre-sowing seed treatment on the yield of spring wheat

“…Spring wheat in the phase of full sprouting does not have a powerful root system that can compete with weeds. For the accelerated development of roots, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for their growth -this is access to moisture, air, and nutrients [4][5][6]. For the same purpose, according to many researchers, is the use of growth stimulants during pre-sowing seed treatment and during vegetation [7][8][9].…”

Assessment of the Influence of Meteorological Factors and Agricultural Background on the Productivity of Spring Wheat Ulyanovskaya 105 in the Predkamye of the Republic of Tatarstan

“…One of the most important tasks of agriculture in the Russian Federation is to increase the volume of grain production and improve its quality. It becomes important to develop the adaptive crop production based on highly productive agrocenoses through the introduction of new varieties that rationally use agro-climatic conditions of the region [1,[4][5][6].…”

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Complex Use of Biofungicides on Spring Wheat

“…Wheat is one of the main crops in the world and plays an essential role in global food security [1][2][3]. In the Republic of Tatarstan, spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main grain crop [4,5]. Various infectious diseases are one of the reasons for the decline in yield and quality of wheat grain [6][7][8].…”