Main Challenges to Reduce Health Inequities in Latin America

Salazar, Luz Mary; Villar, Roberto Carlos Luján

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67292-2_3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In many evaluation activities, an understanding of social determinants of health such as poverty, housing, and education that have deleterious effects on human development and life course opportunities, are critical areas to be taken into account (Zambrana et al., 2022). These social and political determinants (laws and policies) deeply intersect with existing systems that contribute to major societal concerns, such as gender equality, human rights, and access to health care (de Salazar & Luján Villar, 2018; Langer et al., 2015).…”

Section: The Latin American Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation dilemmas: Lessons learned in improving intervention outcomes and sustainability in Latin American communities

Zambrana,

Lovato,

Burgos

2024

New Drctns Evaluation

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A significant number of studies on program evaluations in Latin America have limited, if any, information on procedures, impact, and sustainability. Scholarly work emphasizes how evaluation designs must be deeply cognizant of socioeconomic, ecological, and resource contexts to be effective. The purpose of this article is to bring together research findings from three types of knowledge centered on evaluation processes and practices for working within Latin American countries. A scan of the empirical literature, expert interviews, and a case study are triangulated to assess the barriers and impacts of program evaluations in economically disadvantaged Latin American countries. We conclude by describing long‐standing principles and guidelines for evaluation procedures to promote community engagement and human capital development in all evaluation collaborations. Lessons learned reinforce the tenets of culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) procedures as critical to reproduce interventions that improve the lives of communities. Equity, contextual knowledge, and equal partnership are driving forces in centering social problems and developing human capital and the betterment of community conditions in our partnering countries.

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Section: The Latin American Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation dilemmas: Lessons learned in improving intervention outcomes and sustainability in Latin American communities

Zambrana,

Lovato,

Burgos

2024

New Drctns Evaluation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This situation necessitates that government authorities consider strategies to attract young people to engage in agricultural work, enhance agricultural education and training, and expand agricultural production scale. It is crucial to avoid smaller agricultural production scales as they may lead to wastage of agricultural equipment and resources [34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Food Production and Trade to the Global Socio-Ecological System Network

Xie,

Zhou,

Yang

et al. 2023

Land

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Food production and trade play a fundamental role in the globalized food system. However, the phenomena of decreasing food production and trade interruptions are becoming increasingly common. Currently, there is a lack of simultaneous research on food production and import trade. This study compiles socio-economic environmental data from 146 countries and regions worldwide and employs mobile window and network analysis methods to illustrate how food production quantity influences the social-ecological system. The research findings indicate that in the majority of regions worldwide (102 countries), food demand is met through the local food supply, with a predominant distribution in coastal and inland areas. However, 31% of countries or regions primarily achieve food security through import trade, and many of them are island nations and peninsular countries. This discovery provides valuable insights for understanding the diversity and dependency within the global food system. Based on the impact of food production quantity on the global socio-ecological system network, this study reveals the uneven strengths of connections between nodes and inconsistent connection directions. Building upon these findings, we propose recommendations concerning agricultural policies, human-environment relationships, agricultural transformation, and climate change to help prevent and manage food insecurity risks.

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“…There is a growing recognition that improvements in health and well-being have not been shared across populations. Among world regions, the Americas have a disproportionate share of highly unequal contexts, as measured in terms of income inequality (1), access to health care, and well-being (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Empirical evidence suggests a central role for public policy in producing or shifting the drivers of inequity (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning for health equity in the Americas: an analysis of national health plans

Kavanagh

Norato

Friedman

et al. 2021

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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There is growing recognition that health and well-being improvements have not been shared across populations in the Americas. This article analyzes 32 national health sector policies, strategies, and plans across 10 different areas of health equity to understand, from one perspective, how equity is being addressed in the region. It finds significant variation in the substance and structure of how the health plans handle the issue. Nearly all countries explicitly include health equity as a clear goal, and most address the social determinants of health. Participatory processes documented in the development of these plans range from none to extensive and robust. Substantive equity-focused policies, such as those to improve physical accessibility of health care and increase affordable access to medicines, are included in many plans, though no country includes all aspects examined. Countries identify marginalized populations in their plans, though only a quarter specifically identify Afro-descendants and more than half do not address Indigenous people, including countries with large Indigenous populations. Four include attention to migrants. Despite health equity goals and data on baseline inequities, fewer than half of countries include time-bound targets on reducing absolute or relative health inequalities. Clear accountability mechanisms such as education, reporting, or rights-enforcement mechanisms in plans are rare. The nearly unanimous commitment across countries of the Americas to equity in health provides an important opportunity. Learning from the most robust equity-focused plans could provide a road map for efforts to translate broad goals into time-bound targets and eventually to increasing equity.

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Main Challenges to Reduce Health Inequities in Latin America

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation dilemmas: Lessons learned in improving intervention outcomes and sustainability in Latin American communities

Evaluation dilemmas: Lessons learned in improving intervention outcomes and sustainability in Latin American communities

Response of Food Production and Trade to the Global Socio-Ecological System Network

Planning for health equity in the Americas: an analysis of national health plans

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