Mail order pharmacy use and adherence to secondary prevention drugs among stroke patients

Neil, William P; Shiokari, Chrislynn E; Burchette, Raoul J.; Stapleton, David; Ovbiagele, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2018.04.001

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[56] Simple measures such as using mail order pharmacy instead of local pharmacy have showed improvement in medication adherence in the stroke population. [57] Although not generalizable to a diverse population, a more recent cluster-randomized trial in a primary care clinic group found home BP telemonitoring with pharmacist management to effectively lower BP and cardiovascular outcomes, as well as costs over 5 year follow up. [58] Moreover, pharmacist's role in team-based care with medication titration has been found to be most effective compared to physician care and multilevel strategies without team-based care with an impact on BP control and cost savings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TASC (Telehealth After Stroke Care): A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Telehealth-enabled Multidisciplinary Stroke Care in an Underserved Urban Setting

Naqvi

Cheung

Strobino

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundHypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for recurrent stroke, and blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with decreased risk of stroke recurrence. However, hypertension remains poorly controlled in many stroke survivors. Black and Hispanic patients have a higher prevalence of uncontrolled BP and higher rates of stroke. Limited access to care contributes to challenges in post-stroke care. Telehealth After Stroke Care (TASC) is a telehealth intervention that integrates Remote BP Monitoring (RBPM) including nursing telephone support, tailored BP infographics and telehealth video visits with a multidisciplinary team approach including pharmacy to improve post-stroke care and reduce stroke disparities.MethodsIn this pilot trial, 50 acute stroke patients with hypertension will be screened for inclusion prior to hospital discharge and randomized to usual care or TASC. Usual care patients will be seen by a primary care nurse practitioner at 1-2 weeks and a stroke neurologist at 1 and 3 months. In addition to these usual care visits, TASC intervention patients will see a pharmacist at 4 and 8 weeks and will be enrolled in RBPM consisting of home BP monitoring with interval calls by a centralized team of telehealth nurses. As part of RBPM, TASC patients will be provided with a home BP monitoring device and electronic tablet that wirelessly transmits home BP data to the electronic health record. They will also receive tailored BP infographics that help explain their BP readings. The primary outcome will be within-patient change in BP from baseline to 3 months after discharge. Secondary outcomes will be medication adherence self-efficacy and satisfaction with post-stroke telehealth, both measured at 3-months. Additional patient reported outcomes will include depression, cognitive function, and socioeconomic determinants. Multidisciplinary team competency and fidelity measures will also be assessed.ConclusionsIntegrated team-based interventions may improve BP control and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in post-stroke care. TASC is a post-acute stroke care model that is novel in providing RBPM with tailored infographics, and a multidisciplinary team approach including pharmacy. Our pilot will determine if such an approach is feasible and effective in enhancing post-stroke BP control and promoting self-efficacy.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04640519

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TASC (Telehealth After Stroke Care): A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Telehealth-enabled Multidisciplinary Stroke Care in an Underserved Urban Setting

Naqvi

Cheung

Strobino

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…101 In addition, studies have shown modest reductions in emergency room visits and hospitalizations among patients with diabetes and fewer readmissions among stroke patients when both groups used mail order instead of local pharmacies. 100,102 In spite of the considerable efforts of PBMs to switch patients to mail order for the past decade, including the financial incentive of a reduced copayment, to date, only between 4% and 17% of patients use the service. 101,103 Because the main differences between mail-order pharmacies and those in community settings are the 3 months’ supply and home delivery, when traditional community pharmacies offer 90-day supplies, 104 automatic refills, 105 and free home delivery, 106 local pharmacies can be just as effective 107 in improving medication adherence and treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Data Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…97 Some studies of medication adherence by mode of medication access (mail order or local pharmacy) showed improvements in chronic medication adherence among patients using mail-order pharmacies, albeit most of those studies were supported by PBMs. [98][99][100] A study examining adherence to specialty medications did identify differences in adherence between mail-order and retail dispensing channels. 101 In addition, studies have shown modest reductions in emergency room visits and hospitalizations among patients with diabetes and fewer readmissions among stroke patients when both groups used mail order instead of local pharmacies.…”

Section: Expanded Use Of Mail-order Services Expansion In E-prescripmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Back at US Pharmacy’s Past to Help Discern Its Future

Shcherbakova

Desselle

2020

Ann Pharmacother

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Objective: To review specific literature that aimed to predict the future of US pharmacy, beginning in the late 1980s. Data Sources: Articles were identified from searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and references of relevant articles. The following combinations of search terms were used: future, pharmacy, prediction, and forecast. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) full-text commentary, review, or original research and (2) focused predominantly on the pharmacy in the United States. Data on predictions for the future of pharmacy were extracted. Data Synthesis: We selected 3 articles published between 1988 and 2006, with each aiming to project the future for the following decade. We examined each prediction in light of the current knowledge. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Educators, practitioners, and other stakeholders should consider reflecting on the changes in pharmacy for the past 3 decades and applying both historical and emerging trends to improve patient care and sustain practice in the third decade of the 21st century and beyond. Conclusion: Most of the predictions for the future of pharmacy from the past 3 decades materialized, with some still in progress (reimbursement for pharmacy services), whereas others manifested in unexpected ways (transition from shortage to excess of pharmacists). Current forces shaping pharmacy include, but are not limited to, growing spending and use of specialty drugs, automation of pharmacy operations, growth of pharmacy in the digital health enterprise, and growing consumer interest in the use of analytical pharmacy that tests drugs before dispensing.

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“…1 Observational studies investigating the effect of pharmacy options on medication adherence for chronic diseases, including diabetes, show that mail order pharmacy (MOP) use is associated with higher adherence for diabetes medications, 2 better glycemic control, lower emergency department use, and fewer hospitalizations. 3 We also have seen that financial incentives to use MOP resulted in a greater uptake of this delivery model. 4 Studies which specifically investigate interventions used to optimize the health of the geriatric population are of significant interest, and their importance will increase in the coming years as the older patient population continues to grow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%