Maiden application of cascade tilt‐integral–tilt‐derivative controller for performance analysis of load frequency control of interconnected multi‐source power system

Provision of Frequency Stability of an Islanded Microgrid Using a Novel Virtual Inertia Control and a Fractional Order Cascade Controller

“…Nowadays, the complexities of the MGs are increasing, and it is clear that the classical controllers cannot present appropriate performance against sudden changes in load and generation. As a solution to this challenge, the cascade controllers are introduced [30]. To improve the system performance, the cascade controllers employ two feedback control loops in their structure.…”

“…To improve the system performance, the cascade controllers employ two feedback control loops in their structure. The advantages of cascade controllers compared to controllers with one feedback control loop are presented in [30]. Additionally, the authors in [30] propose the application of the cascade tilt-integral-tilt-derivative controller to improve the frequency regulation of the power grid.…”

“…The advantages of cascade controllers compared to controllers with one feedback control loop are presented in [30]. Additionally, the authors in [30] propose the application of the cascade tilt-integral-tilt-derivative controller to improve the frequency regulation of the power grid. In [31], the performance of a cascade fuzzy PID-FOI controller is evaluated to improve the AGC of the power grids.…”

Automatic generation control of small hydro plants integrated multi‐area system using fuzzy based symbiotic organism search optimized hybrid PI λ D fuzzy‐PI λ D controller

“…DE and hGGSA‐PS algorithms based PID controller are beautifully validated in multi area multi‐unit power system with nonlinearities in References 22 and 23 respectively. The fractional order PID controller such as FOPID, TID, and TITD controllers are successfully implemented in power system for AGC to enhance the performance of the power system 24‐26 . The fractional integral is blended with three‐degree‐of‐freedom PID controller for regulating frequency and power deviation of power system with a noticeable comparative analysis 27 .…”

PIDF(1+FOD) controller for load frequency control with SSSC and AC–DC tie‐line in deregulated environment

“…In recent time, many authors have shown the superiority of fractional order controllers over classical controllers in the area of LFC mechanism. Novel of them are fractional order PID controller [5,19], PID μ F controller [7], cascade PI-FOPD controller [14], cascade tilted-integral-derivative controller [20], fractional-order PI-PID cascade controller [21] and cascade tiltintegral-tilt-derivative controller [22]. The controller gains are optimised by various meta-heuristic techniques like bacterial foraging optimisation [3,5], opposition-based harmonic search optimisation [6], lightning search algorithm [7], modified sine cosine algorithm [10], volleyball premier league algorithm [14], stochastic fractal search optimisation [15], hybrid bacteria foraging-particle swarm optimisation (PSO) [16], modified group search optimisation [17], antlion optimiser [18], PSO [19], salp swarm algorithm (SSA) [20], sine cosine algorithm [21] and water cycle algorithm [22].…”