Magnolol inhibits growth of gallbladder cancer cells through the p53 pathway

Abstract

Magnolol, the major active compound found in Magnolia officinalis has a wide range of clinical applications due to its anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. This study investigated the effects of magnolol on the growth of human gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) cell lines. The results indicated that magnolol could significantly inhibit the growth of GBC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Magnolol also blocked cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase and induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis by upregulating p53 and p21 protein levels and by downregulating cyclin D1, CDC25A, and Cdk2 protein levels. When cells were pretreated with a p53 inhibitor (pifithrin-a), followed by magnolol treatment, pifithrin-a blocked magnolol-induced apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest. In vivo, magnolol suppressed tumor growth and activated the same mechanisms as were activated in vitro. In conclusion, our study is the first to report that magnolol has an inhibitory effect on the growth of GBC cells and that this compound may have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of GBC.

Magnolol induces cell death through PI3K/Akt‐mediated epigenetic modifications boosting treatment of BRAF‐ and NRAS‐mutant melanoma

“…Melanoma cells exhibited G1 phase cell cycle arrest in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. This is in line with a previous finding where magnolol‐induced G0/G1 arrest in gallbladder cancer cells . Moreover, magnolol‐induced G1 arrest in melanoma spheroids, which resemble the in vivo tumor architecture …”

“…Magnolol also leads to increased apoptosis by upregulation of caspase‐3 either alone or in combination with targeted‐ and chemotherapy. Indeed, it has been reported that magnolol upregulates apoptotic proteins like caspases‐8,9, cleaved caspase‐3, PARP and reciprocally downregulate anti‐apoptotic proteins such as Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 . Moreover, PI3K/Akt signaling is known to up‐regulate anti‐apoptotic proteins like Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 thus promoting cancer cell survival .…”

Magnolol exerts anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic signaling

“…Magnolol (Mag) is a biological active compound isolated from the root and stem bark of Magnolia officinalis , which has been frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine 7. Accumulating articles have reported that Mag can reduce the malignant traits of several kinds of cancer cells, such as breast cancer,8 non-small-cell lung cancer,9 and gallbladder cancer 10. However, there are scarcely any reports about the effects of Mag in HCC and its mechanisms.…”

2-O-Methylmagnolol Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits IL-6/STAT3 Signaling in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…The bark of Magnolia is rich in a biphenol compound magnolol [5]. Magnolol has been displayed to induce apoptosis in the cells of many human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, gallbladder cancer, and colon cancer [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In addition, several studies have shown that magnolol also display anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenesis activity in ovarian, breast, and prostate cancer [13][14][15] Together, these studies have indicated that magnolol is a promising candidate for the derivation of more effective antitumor agents.…”