Magnitude of indoor NO<sub>2</sub>from biomass fuels in rural settings of Ethiopia

Kumie, Abera; Emmelin, Anders; Wahlberg, Sonny; Berhane, Yemane; Ali, Abubeker Yimam; Mekonnen, Ephrem; Brändström, D

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00555.x

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The levels of benzene and xylene were higher in winter than in summer. Some other studies also found the same seasonal difference [18][19][20]. Ventilation might be a key factor in our study regarding the higher concentrations in winter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Disagreement of our findings with most other studies encouraged us to conduct further study to clarify the seasonal difference as a possible confounding factor in pollution level, as well as the prevalence of symptoms. Some studies have suggested that the level of indoor air pollutants, especially VOCs, were the highest in winter and the lowest in summer [18][19][20]. Thus, we planned to conduct a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh among the biomass-and fossil-fuel users in two different seasons, winter and summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor air pollution and the health of children in biomass- and fossil-fuel users of Bangladesh: situation in two different seasons

Khalequzzaman

Kamijima

Saito³

et al. 2010

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Indoor air pollution levels are reported to be higher with biomass fuel, and a number of respiratory diseases in children are associated with pollution from burning such fuel. However, little is known about the situation in developing countries. The aim of the study was to compare indoor air pollution levels and prevalence of symptoms in children between biomass-and fossil-fuelusing households in different seasons in Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among biomass-(n = 42) and fossil-fuel (n = 66) users having children \5 years in Moulvibazar and Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air pollution and the health of children in biomass- and fossil-fuel users of Bangladesh: situation in two different seasons

Khalequzzaman

Kamijima

Saito³

et al. 2010

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…It is generally accepted that the levels of most of indoor air pollutants, especially VOCs, are highest in winter and lowest in summer [14][15][16][17]. The health conditions of the children were then followed between the seasons, i.e., for about 6 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

Khalequzzaman

Kamijima

Saito³

et al. 2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Indoor air pollutants from biomass combustion pose a risk for respiratory diseases in children. It is plausible that distinct differences in the indoor air quality (IAQ) exist between urban and rural areas in developing countries since the living environment between these two areas are quite different. We have investigated possible differences in IAQ in urban and rural Dhaka, Bangladesh and the association of such differences with the incidence of respiratory and some non-respiratory symptoms in children of families using biomass fuel. Methods Indoor air concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), dust particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen dioxide were measured once in the winter and once in the summer of 2008. Health data on 51 urban and 51 rural children under 5 years of age from 51 families in each area were collected once a week starting in the winter and continuing to the summer of 2008.Results Mean concentrations of CO, CO 2, , dust particles, and major VOCs were significantly higher in urban kitchens than in rural ones (p \ 0.05). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) suggests that compared to the urban children, the children in the rural area suffered significantly more from respiratory symptoms [IRR 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62-1.64], skin itchiness (IRR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9-5.7), and diarrhea (IRR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.4), while fewer experienced fever (IRR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.6). No difference was observed for other symptoms. Conclusions We found lower IAQ in the homes of urban biomass fuel-users compared to rural ones in Bangladesh but could not attribute the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among children to the measured IAQ. Other factors may be involved.

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“…Kumie et al [3] found that in one region in Ethiopia the level of NO 2 in households that used biomass fuel for cooking was twice the WHO guideline for NO 2 concentrations. A study in rural southwestern Ethiopian communities [4] documented the biomass fuel-related problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Exposures to Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide during Ethiopian Coffee Ceremonies in Addis Ababa: A Pilot Study

Keil

Kassa

Brown

et al. 2010

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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The unique Ethiopian cultural tradition of the coffee ceremony increases inhalation exposures to combustion byproducts. This pilot study evaluated exposures to particulate matter and carbon monoxide in ten Addis Ababa homes during coffee ceremonies. For coffee preparers the geometric mean (57 μg/m3) and median (72 μg/m3) contributions to an increase in a 24-hour time-weighted average exposure were above World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. At 40% of the study sites the contribution to the 24-hour average exposure was greater than twice the WHO guideline. Similar exposure increases existed for ceremony participants. Particulate matter concentrations may be related to the use of incense during the ceremony. In nearly all homes the WHO guideline for a 60-minute exposure to carbon monoxide was exceeded. Finding control measures to reduce these exposures will be challenging due to the deeply engrained nature of this cultural practice and the lack of availability of alternative fuels.

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Magnitude of indoor NO₂from biomass fuels in rural settings of Ethiopia

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Indoor air pollution and the health of children in biomass- and fossil-fuel users of Bangladesh: situation in two different seasons

Indoor air pollution and the health of children in biomass- and fossil-fuel users of Bangladesh: situation in two different seasons

Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

Inhalation Exposures to Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide during Ethiopian Coffee Ceremonies in Addis Ababa: A Pilot Study

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Magnitude of indoor NO2from biomass fuels in rural settings of Ethiopia

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Indoor air pollution and the health of children in biomass- and fossil-fuel users of Bangladesh: situation in two different seasons

Indoor air pollution and the health of children in biomass- and fossil-fuel users of Bangladesh: situation in two different seasons

Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

Inhalation Exposures to Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide during Ethiopian Coffee Ceremonies in Addis Ababa: A Pilot Study

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Magnitude of indoor NO₂from biomass fuels in rural settings of Ethiopia