Magnitude of common mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care visits in North Wollo Public Health Facilities, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Mental health disorders during pregnancy are of public health concern because of the implications for the mother and child's health. Mental health issues during pregnancy must, therefore, be diagnosed and addressed. And interventions to improve maternal mental health during pregnancy are critical preventive strategies against adverse health and developmental outcomes in newborns and children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of common maternal mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women in North Wollo, Northwest Ethiopia. Objective: The study aimed to assess the magnitude of common mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women in North Wollo, 2022 Method: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in North Wollo zone public health facilities from February to April 2022. A total of 777 samples were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Women were assessed for the risk of common mental disorders using a pretested, structured, self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 software and analyzed using R version 4.0 software. Descriptive statistics were computed. A simple logistic regression model was fit to identify the association and strength of exploratory variables and common mental disorders at a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of common mental disorders during pregnancy was 18.1% (95%CI: 15.5, 21.0). Educational status of participants (AOR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.48), husband educational status (AOR=11.13, 95%: 4.18, 29.66), unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.26, 5.09), self-reported complication on the current pregnancy (AOR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21), self-reported complication during the previous delivery (AOR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.39, 8.18), nutritional status (AOR=2.19, 95%: 1.26, 3.81), psychosocial risk (AOR=20.55, 95% CI: 9.69, 43.59), legal problem (AOR=2.06, 95%: 1.12, 3.79) and relationship problem (AOR=7.22, 95% CI: 3.59, 14.53) were showed statistical significant association. Conclusions: The prevalence of common mental disorders among pregnant women was high. Educational status of the participants and their spouse, unplanned pregnancy, self-reported complication during current pregnancy and previous delivery, nutritional status, psychosocial risk, and legal and relationship problem were the main determinants of CMD.

Prevalence and Associated factors of common mental disorders among pregnant women in Northwest, Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study

“…The minimum sample size required for this study was estimated using Epi-Info Stat Calc (31), and determined using a single population proportion formula with assumptions of con dence level at 95%, = 1.96 margin of error (d) = 0.04, and prevalence of antenatal common mental disorders considering the following assumptions: 18.1% of the prevalence of common mental disorders (21). The study's minimum sample size was estimated using Epi-Info Stat Calc (31) based on a single population proportion formula with the following assumptions: 95% con dence level, 1.96 margin of error (d = 0.04), and prevalence of antenatal common mental disorders.…”

“…These assumptions were taken into account to determine the sample size required for the study. The prevalence of common mental disorders is 18.1% (21). The maximum sample size calculated for this study was 899 after incorporating a design effect of 1.5 and a 10% non-response rate.…”

“…The point prevalence of antenatal common mental disorders in LMICs was reported to be 15.6 during pregnancy (16). Ethiopia is a low-income country with high rates of mental health problems in pregnant women, ranging from 10.2-37% in different regions (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Findings have consistently shown that household food insecurity, low socioeconomic status, adverse events in life, poor social support, intimate partner violence, previous episodes of common mental disorders, unmarried status, and unplanned pregnancy increase the odds of prenatal mental disorders (23)(24)(25).…”