Magnitude and Time Course of Arterial Vascular Adaptations to Inactivity in Humans

Groot, P.C.E. de; Bleeker, Michiel W. P.; Hopman, Maria T. E.

doi:10.1249/00003677-200604000-00005

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A number of mechanisms may contribute to cardiovascular deconditioning induced by DI: circulatory blood volume loss [20,21], impaired baroreflex sensitivity [22,23], autonomic dysfunction [22,24], increased venous compliance [21] enforced by decreased muscle tone [25], macrovascular [26] and microvascular [27] impairment promoted by physical inactivity and prolonged decrease of shear stress forces [28], myocardial impairment, hormonal changes, vestibular changes, or metabolic changes. Hypovolemia appears to be the major contributor for the observed rapid cardiovascular impairment in DI.…”

Section: Hypovolemia As Major Reason For Di-induced Cardiovascular Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Body Fluid Changes, Cardiovascular Deconditioning and Metabolic Impairment Are Reversed 24 Hours after a 5-Day Dry Immersion

Coupé¹,

Tomilovskaya²,

Larcher³

et al. 2013

OJNeph

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Dry immersion is an effective and useful model for research in physiology and physiopathology. The focus of this study was to provide integrative insight into renal, endocrine, circulatory, autonomic and metabolic effects of dry immersion. We assessed if the principal changes were restored within 24 h of recovery, and determined which changes were mainly associated with immersion-induced orthostatic intolerance. Five-day dry immersion without countermeasures, and with ad libitum water intake, standardized diet and a permitted short daily rise was performed in a relatively large sample for this experiment type (14 healthy young men). Reduction of total body water derived mostly from extracellular compartment, and stabilized rapidly at the new operating point. Decrease in plasma volume was estimated at 20% -25%. Five-day immersion was sufficient to impair metabolism with a decrease in glucose tolerance and hypercholesterolemia, but was not associated with pronounced autonomic changes. Five-day immersion induced marked cardiovascular impairment. Immediately after immersion, over half of the subjects were unable to accomplish the 20-min 70˚ tilt; during tilt, heart rate and total peripheral resistance were increased, and stroke volume was decreased. However, 24 hours of normal physical activity appeared sufficient to reverse orthostatic tolerance and all signs of cardiovascular impairment, and to restitute plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume. Similarly, metabolic impairment was restored. In our study, the major factor responsible for orthostatic intolerance appeared to be hypovolemia. The absence of pronounced autonomic dysfunction might be explained by relatively short duration of dry immersion and daily short-time orthostatic stimulation.

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Section: Hypovolemia As Major Reason For Di-induced Cardiovascular Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Body Fluid Changes, Cardiovascular Deconditioning and Metabolic Impairment Are Reversed 24 Hours after a 5-Day Dry Immersion

Coupé¹,

Tomilovskaya²,

Larcher³

et al. 2013

OJNeph

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“…A number of studies have investigated the effect of inactivity on arterial dynamics in AB individuals, and these have been reviewed elsewhere. 119,120 Briefly, using horizontal bed rest as a model for inactivity, it has been reported that vessel diameter and blood flow are reduced, endothelial function is impaired and shear stress and peripheral resistance are increased. 82 It has also been shown that the structural alterations resulting from inactivity can be ameliorated with regular physical activity, 70 and that such changes occur within days or weeks of the onset of exercise.…”

Section: Deconditioning-induced Alterations In Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral vascular function in spinal cord injury: a systematic review

et al. 2012

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Background: During the past 20 years, significant advances in patient care have resulted in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) living longer than before. As lifespan increases, cardiovascular complications are emerging as the leading cause of mortality in this population, and individuals with SCI develop cardiovascular disease at younger ages than their able-bodied counterparts. To address this increasing clinical challenge, several recent studies investigated the central cardiovascular adaptations that occur following SCI. However, a somewhat less recognized component of cardiovascular dysfunction in this population is the peripheral vascular adaptations that also occur as a result of SCI. Study design: Literature review.Objective: To present a comprehensive overview of changes in arterial structure and function, which occur after SCI. Setting: Canada. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to extract studies that incorporated measures of arterial structure or function after SCI in animals or humans. Results: Individuals with SCI exhibit vascular dysfunction below the lesion that is characterized by a reduction in conduit artery diameter and blood flow, increased shear rate and leg vascular resistance, and adrenoceptor hyper-responsiveness. There is also recent alarming evidence for central arterial stiffening in individuals with SCI. Conclusion: Although physical deconditioning is the primary candidate responsible for the maladaptive remodeling of the peripheral vasculature after SCI, there is emerging evidence that blood pressure oscillations, such as those occurring in the large majority of individuals with SCI, also exacerbates vascular dysfunction in this population.

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“…However, previous studies have recruited similar or smaller groups and have typically examined the effects of 5 to 7 days of bed rest only. 47,48 Because the magnitude of physical inactivity is time dependent, 49 60 days clearly resulted in a large impact on the vasculature. The profound stimulus of complete bed rest, 49 combined with the excellent reproducibility of our technique, 22 allowed us to detect these important findings in a relatively small group of participants.…”

Section: Van Duijnhoven Et Al Bed Rest and Conduit Artery Remodeling 243mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47,48 Because the magnitude of physical inactivity is time dependent, 49 60 days clearly resulted in a large impact on the vasculature. The profound stimulus of complete bed rest, 49 combined with the excellent reproducibility of our technique, 22 allowed us to detect these important findings in a relatively small group of participants. It should also be emphasized that bed rest such as that used in the present experiment does not represent a sedentary lifestyle, and our findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to those of sedentary, yet ambulatory, individuals.…”

Section: Van Duijnhoven Et Al Bed Rest and Conduit Artery Remodeling 243mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Bed Rest on Conduit Artery Remodeling

et al. 2010

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Abstract-Physical inactivity is a potent stimulus for vascular remodeling, leading to a marked decrease in conduit artery diameter. However, little is known about the impact of physical inactivity on artery wall thickness or wall:lumen ratio or the potential of exercise countermeasures to modify artery wall thickness. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of 60 days of bed rest, with or without exercise countermeasures, on carotid and superficial femoral artery wall thickness. Eighteen men were assigned to bed rest (second Berlin Bed Rest Study) and randomly allocated to control, resistive exercise, or resistive vibration exercise. Both exercise countermeasures were applied 3 times per week while the subjects were in the supine position on the bed. Sonography was used to examine baseline diameter and wall thickness of the carotid and femoral arteries. Bed rest decreased diameter of the superficial femoral artery (Pϭ0.001) but not the carotid artery (Pϭ0.29). Bed rest induced a significant increase in carotid and superficial femoral artery wall thickness (Pϭ0.007 and 0.03) and wall:lumen ratio (Pϭ0.009 and 0.001). Exercise prevented the increase in wall thickness of the carotid artery. In addition, exercise partly prevented the increased wall:lumen ratio in the superficial femoral artery. In conclusion, 8 weeks of bed rest resulted in Ϸ20% increase in conduit artery wall thickness. Exercise countermeasures completely (carotid artery) or partly (superficial femoral artery) abolished the increase in wall thickness. These findings suggest that conduit artery wall thickness, a vascular characteristic associated previously with atherosclerosis, can rapidly adapt to physical inactivity and exercise in humans. (Hypertension. 2010;56:240-246.)

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Magnitude and Time Course of Arterial Vascular Adaptations to Inactivity in Humans

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Body Fluid Changes, Cardiovascular Deconditioning and Metabolic Impairment Are Reversed 24 Hours after a 5-Day Dry Immersion

Body Fluid Changes, Cardiovascular Deconditioning and Metabolic Impairment Are Reversed 24 Hours after a 5-Day Dry Immersion

Peripheral vascular function in spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Impact of Bed Rest on Conduit Artery Remodeling

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