Magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control among patients with diabetes attending public hospitals of Western Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases globally, which rapidly is increasing in developing countries. Ethiopia is also facing growing morbidity and mortality related to diabetes complications. Thus, dealing with glycemic control is essential for controlling the development of devastating acute and chronic complications related to diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to assess the magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in western Ethiopia. Methods The cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 423 diabetic patients. A systematic random sampling method was employed. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. The data entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. All variables significant at p-<0.25 in bivariate were entered into multivariate analysis. The multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine predictors’ poor glycemic control by considering the Adjusted Odds Ratio at CI 95% and the significance level was set at p <0.05. Results The magnitude of poor glycemic control was 64.1%. Being females (AOR = 1.684,95%CI = 1.066,2.662), duration of diabetes >8years (AOR = 2.552,95%CI = 1.397, 4.665), presence of diabetes complication (AOR = 2.806,95%CI = 1.594,4.941), negligence of blood glucose test at home (AOR = 1.720, 95%CI = 1.078, 2.743), poor self-care behavior (AOR = 1.787, 95%CI = 1.083,2.959) and poor self-efficacy (AOR = 1.934, 95%CI = 1.078,3.469) were significant predictors of poor glycemic control. Conclusion The proportion of poor glycemic control was high which was nearly comparable to that reported from many countries. This could be due to factors that were significantly associated with poor glycemic control like lack of home blood glucose test, increased duration of diabetes, presence of diabetes complications, poor self-efficacy, and poor self-care behaviors. Each were significant independent predictors of poor glycemic control. Thus, we recommend patients with diabetes and health care providers enhancing self-monitoring practices, and preventing potential complications should be a priority concern to improve blood glucose levels. Further studies are also recommended to explore important factors which were not identified by the current study.

Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

“…In this study, a high-level prevalence of poor glycemic control was presented among study participants who were on insulin treatment (40%) and Oral anti–diabetic drugs (42.1%). The results were lined with other studies [ 20 , 40 ]. Starting insulin therapy for T2DM patients often showed blood glucose level is not well controlled [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Glycemic Control and Its Relationship with Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Northern Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Most study participants were obese or overweight, which is expected with their low level of physical activity; those with higher BMI (obesity) were more likely to have poor glycemic control compared to those with normal BMI, supporting previous findings. 13 , 52 Many studies found BMI has associated with glycemic control but is not an independent predictor. 15 , 16 , 18 , 24 Conversely, some studies reported that patients with normal BMI were more likely to have poor glycemic control than overweight and obese patients, which was explained by the disease process of diabetes where poor glycemic control is associated with weight loss.…”

“…2,7 Unfortunately, poor control of diabetes is widely prevalent worldwide. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Different rates of poorly controlled T2DM were revealed in various countries, such as 49.4-74.9% in Saudi Arabia, 19,20 54% in Oman, 21 69.6% in Libya, 11 67.5% in Turkey, 4 64.1-70.9% in Ethiopia, 13,22 69.7% in Tanzania, 23 61.3% in Zambia, 24 72.6-83% in Pakistan, 8,9 40% in Malaysia, 25 89% in China, 10 and 66% in the United States. 26 In Jordan, poorly controlled T2DM ranged from 56.5% to 83.8%.…”

Poor glycemic control and its associated factors among diabetes patients attending public hospitals in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: An Institutional based cross-sectional study

“…The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula with 95% confidence interval, 64.1% [ 13 ] proportion and a margin of error 5% i.e. N = = 354 and by adding 10% for nonresponse the final sample size was 390.…”