Magnitude and predictors of khat use among patients with tuberculosis in Southwest Ethiopia: A longitudinal study

Abstract

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. Substance use negatively affects TB treatment outcomes. Our recent study has found that khat use predicted poorer adherence to anti-TB medications. However, there is scarce longitudinal study on predictors of khat use among outpatients with TB, and this study aimed at addressing this research gap. Methods From October 2017 to October 2018, 268 outpatients with tuberculosis on DOTs were enrolled in a longitudinal study from 26 health institutions in Southwest Ethiopia. Structured questionnaires translated into local languages (Afaan Oromoo and Amharic) were used to assess khat use. Patients were followed for six months, and data were collected on three occasions during the follow-up. A generalized linear mixed model was used to identify the relation between khat use and predictors. Model fitness was checked using the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to describe the strength of association between the outcome variable and predictors. Results The overall prevalence of khat use at baseline and first follow up was 39.2% while it was 37.3% at second follow up. Of this, 77.1% and 96.2% of them believed that khat use reduces the side effects of anti-TB medications and symptoms of tuberculosis respectively. In the final model, being male (aOR = 7.0, p-value = 0.001), being government employee (aOR = 0.03, p-value�0.001) and presence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) (aOR = 2.0, p-value�0.001) predicted khat use among outpatients with tuberculosis.

In vitro and In silico studies of interactions of cathinone with human recombinant cytochrome P450 CYP(1A2), CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A5

“…Khat use have been found to hinder response to antipsychotic [33] and tuberculosis medication on patients [60] . Lipophilicity plays a major role in cellular uptake and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) [68] .…”

Identifying Hotspots of People Diagnosed of Tuberculosis with Addiction to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs through a Geospatial Intelligence Application in Communities from Southern Brazil

“…The use of illicit drugs causes numerous problems in the health of the population, decreases the body's immune response and consequently increases the likelihood of the development of TB. Those diagnosed with the disease have a higher bacillary burden and likelihood of developing drug resistance [35], related to lack of demand/access to health services and difficulty performing the recommended TB treatment. Expansion of the office's teams in the street and DOTS for these people may reduce illicit drug users' adverse health, social, and economic consequences without necessarily reducing consumption [29,35].…”

Identifying Hotspots of Peoples Diagnosed with Tuberculosis and Drug Addiction of Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs through a Geospatial Intelligence Application on Communities from Southern Brazil

“…The use of illicit drugs causes numerous problems in the health of the population, as well as decreases the immune response of the body, and consequently increases the likelihood for the development of TB, and among those diagnosed with the disease have a higher bacillary burden and likelihood of developing drug resistance [29], related to lack of demand/access to health services and difficulty in performing the recommended TB treatment. Expansion of the teams of offices in the street, as well DOTS for these people may contribute to reduce the adverse health, social, and economic consequences of illicit drug use, without necessarily reducing consumption [28,29].…”