Magnitude and determinants of diabetic retinopathy among persons with diabetes registered at employee health department of a tertiary Eye Hospital of central Saudi Arabia

Khandekar, Rajiv; Hassan, Arif Al; Dhibi, Hassan Al; Bahlal, Abdullah Al; Al-Futais, Muneera

doi:10.4103/0974-620x.169889

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Before the overall effectiveness of the human resource group reaches its peak, business leaders should extend the peak period of the creative ability of the human resource group by optimizing the structure or replacing some aging talents with young people, and then extend the group's creative ability. Life cycle [27][28].…”

Section: ) Reasonable Allocation Of Human Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Human Resource Management Based on Employee Potential Traits

2021

IJST

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How to promote the further development of the economy and permanent sustainable development, and not to be eliminated in the world competition, is the problem that China should pay attention to, and it is the main direction of China's modern economic development. The main body of economic development is that major enterprises play a pivotal role in it, and the enterprise is composed of various talents. Therefore, the most important thing for an enterprise is to recruit all kinds of professional talents for the development of the enterprise. contribution. A company can develop with a strong economy, and economic development provides a foundation for the company. The relationship between the two is inseparable. This paper focuses on sustainable human resource management based on the study of employee potential traits. From the analysis of actual economic data, the contribution of human resources in countries with different levels of development is also different. Developing countries account for about 29%, and developed countries can reach 51%. It is not difficult to find economic Sustainable development is a stable resource for human resources. It integrates technology and labor. To a certain extent, human resource management plays a catalyst role in the sustainable development of the economy.

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Section: ) Reasonable Allocation Of Human Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Human Resource Management Based on Employee Potential Traits

2021

IJST

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“…2 Furthermore, previous evidence suggested that up to 15% of non-diabetic patients exhibited clinical signs of retinopathy. [3][4][5][6][7] Previous literature has consistently described significant associations between retinopathy and systemic vascular comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus (DM), 5 high blood pressure (HBP), 8 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 6,[9][10][11] and cardiovascular disease (CVD). [12][13][14][15] The presence of retinopathy has been reported to be an independent risk factor for mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Retinopathy and Systemic Vascular Comorbidities on All-Cause Mortality

Zhu

Shang

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aims/hypothesisTo investigate the joint effects of retinopathy and systemic vascular comorbidities on mortality.MethodsThis study included 5703 participants (≥40 years old) from the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading scale was used to evaluate the retinopathy status. Systemic vascular comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (DM), high blood pressure (HBP), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Time to death was calculated as the time from baseline to either the date of death or censoring (December 31st, 2015), whichever came first. Risks of mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, the presence of retinopathy predicted higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.81). The all-cause mortality among participants with both retinopathy and systemic vascular comorbidities including DM (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06-2.50), HBP (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.03-2.08), CKD (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.24-2.35) and CVD (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.19-2.96) was significantly higher than that among those without either condition.Conclusions/interpretationIn this prospective study, individuals with retinopathy had increased all-cause mortality. The joint effects of retinopathy and major systemic vascular comorbidities increased the all-cause mortality further, suggesting that more extensive vascular risk factor assessment and management are needed to detect the burden of vascular pathologies and improve long-term survival in individuals with retinopathy.Research in contextWhat is already known about this subject?Retinopathy has been recognized as an independent risk factor for mortality.What is the key question?What are the joint effects of retinopathy and systemic vascular comorbidities (including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease) on mortality?What are the new findings?Consistent evidence on the increased risk of mortality among individuals with retinopathy was noted in a large sample of middle-aged and older adults.The co-occurrence of retinopathy and systemic vascular conditions (diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease) further increased all-cause mortality independent of other covariates.How might this impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?Individuals with retinopathy may benefit from a comprehensive vascular assessment.Intensive vascular risk reduction is needed in the management of patients with retinopathy and and micro- or macrovascular disorders.Highlighted the importance of retinopathy screening using retinal imaging for identifying individuals at high risk of mortality, particularly among individuals with systemic vascular comorbidities.

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“…Previous literature has consistently described significant associations between retinopathy and systemic vascular comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus (DM) ( 5 ), high blood pressure (HBP) ( 8 ), chronic kidney disease (CKD) ( 6 , 9 – 11 ) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) ( 12 – 15 ). The presence of retinopathy has been reported to be an independent risk factor for mortality ( 16 – 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Retinopathy and Systemic Vascular Comorbidities on All-Cause Mortality

et al. 2021

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PurposeTo assess the impact of retinopathy and systemic vascular comorbidities on the all-cause mortality in a representative U.S. sample.MethodsA total of 5703 participants (≥40 years old) from the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading scale was used to evaluate the retinopathy status. Systemic vascular comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (DM), high blood pressure (HBP), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Time to death was calculated as the time from baseline to either the date of death or censoring (December 31st, 2015), whichever came first. Risks of mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for confounders and vascular comorbidities.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 8.33 years (IQR: 7.50-9.67 years), there were 949 (11.8%) deaths from all causes. After adjusting for confounders, the presence of retinopathy predicted higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.83). The all-cause mortality among participants with both retinopathy and systemic vascular comorbidities including DM (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.21-2.43), HBP (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.03-2.10), CKD (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.26-2.39) and CVD (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.21-3.04) was significantly higher than that among those without either condition. When stratified by diabetic or hypertension status, the co-occurrence of retinopathy and CKD or CVD further increased the all-cause mortality compared to those without either condition.ConclusionsThe co-occurrence of retinopathy and systemic vascular conditions predicted a further increase in the risk of mortality. More extensive vascular risk factor assessment and management are needed to detect the burden of vascular pathologies and improve long-term survival in individuals with retinopathy.

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Magnitude and determinants of diabetic retinopathy among persons with diabetes registered at employee health department of a tertiary Eye Hospital of central Saudi Arabia

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Sustainable Human Resource Management Based on Employee Potential Traits

Sustainable Human Resource Management Based on Employee Potential Traits

Impact of Retinopathy and Systemic Vascular Comorbidities on All-Cause Mortality

Impact of Retinopathy and Systemic Vascular Comorbidities on All-Cause Mortality

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