Magnitude and consequences of volatile release from the Siberian Traps

Black, B. A.; Elkins-Tanton, Linda T.; Rowe, Michael C.; Ukstins, Ingrid

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.001

Cited by 162 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

136

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…(Kamo et al, 2003). This province also has voluminous intrusive rocks (e.g., Svensen et al, 2009), as well as lava types that are not strictly basalt (Sobolev et al, 2011; for a recent review see Black et al, 2012).…”

Section: Emplacement Characteristics Of Continental Flood Basalt Provmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Table 1, we have compiled published estimates of the amount of gases released by continental fl ood basalt eruptions and compared these estimates to those for explosive volcanism and fl ood basalt eruptions in historic times. Basaltic magmas, including those that form fl ood basalts, are usually rich in dissolved sulfur (commonly with sulfur concentrations of ≥1500 ppm; Wallace, 2005;Black et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013). Therefore, the release of sulfur-rich gases from a large basaltic eruption can be much greater than that from an explosive silicic eruption of equal volume.…”

Section: Gas Release From Continental Flood Basalt Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates of the total SO 2 emission from the Siberian Traps are in the range 10-20 × 10 6 Mt SO 2 (Black et al, 2012). Typically, for every 1 km 3 of basaltic magma emplaced during a continental fl ood basalt eruption, 3.5-6.5 Mt of SO 2 will be released (Self et al, 2005;Blake et al, 2010).…”

Section: Gas Release From Continental Flood Basalt Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14.7 Ma~10 yr~12,420 Not estimated~7 10~1780~9620 Mt SO 2 , ~400 Mt HCl, and ~1450 Mt HF released at vents into 7-13 km altitude. Deccan Traps However, estimates for the Deccan Traps and the Siberian Traps suggest that emissions of chlorine and fl uorine might be of the same order of magnitude as those of sulfur (Table 1; Self et al, 2008b;Black et al, 2012), or possibly higher (Sobolev et al, 2011). Further, there has been speculation that chlorine emissions from the Deccan Traps might account for a Cl-rich layer of sediments identifi ed in France and Italy (Font et al, 2011).…”

Section: Gas Release From Continental Flood Basalt Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7B and 7C) may be a reasonable starting point for atmospheric modeling. Other continental fl ood basalt provinces such as the Siberian Traps may have exhibited large-magnitude explosive phases and also liberated substantial amounts of halogens, both directly via magmatic gases (Sobolev et al, 2011;Black et al, 2012Black et al, , 2013 and via magma-country-rock interactions (Svensen et al, 2009;Iacono-Marziano et al, 2012a, 2012bGanino and Arndt, 2009). Black et al (2013) addressed these uncertainties by modeling 27 perturbation and recovery scenarios to approximate gas release from plausible magmatic episodes, including a large pyroclastic eruption, metamorphism of hydrocarbon-bearing evaporite salts, and one or more explosive pipes, as well as stratospheric versus tropospheric injection.…”

Section: Eruption Source Parameters For Earth System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Emplacement characteristics, time scales, and volcanic gas release rates of continental flood basalt eruptions on Earth

Self¹,

Schmidt²,

Mather³

2014

Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Continental fl ood basalt provinces are the subaerial expression of large igneous province volcanism. The emplacement of a continental fl ood basalt is an exceptional volcanic event in the geological history of our planet with the potential to directly impact Earth's atmosphere and environment. Large igneous province volcanism appears to have occurred episodically every 10-30 m.y. through most of Earth history. Most continental fl ood basalt provinces appear to have formed within 1-3 m.y., and within this period, one or more pulses of great magma production and lava eruption took place. These pulses may have lasted from 1 m.y. to as little as a few hundred thousand years. Within these pulses, tens to hundreds of volumetrically large eruptions took place, each producing 10 3 -10 4 km 3 of predominantly pāhoehoe lava and releasing unprecedented amounts of volcanic gases and ash into the atmosphere. The majority of magmatic gas species released had the potential to alter climate and/or atmospheric composition, in particular during violent explosive phases at the eruptive vents when volcanic gases were lofted into the stratosphere. Aside from the direct release of magmatic gases, magma-sediment interactions featured in some continental fl ood basalt provinces could have released additional carbon, sulfur, and halogen-bearing species into the atmosphere. Despite their potential importance, given the different nature of the country rock associated with each continental fl ood basalt province, it is diffi cult to make generalizations about these emissions from one province to another. The coincidence of continental fl ood basalt volcanism with periods of major biotic change is well substantiated, but the actual mechanisms by which *steve

show abstract

Section: Emplacement Characteristics Of Continental Flood Basalt Provmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Release From Continental Flood Basalt Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Release From Continental Flood Basalt Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Release From Continental Flood Basalt Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eruption Source Parameters For Earth System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Emplacement characteristics, time scales, and volcanic gas release rates of continental flood basalt eruptions on Earth

Self¹,

Schmidt²,

Mather³

2014

Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Initiation of Snowball Earth with volcanic sulfur aerosol emissions

Macdonald

Wordsworth

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose that the first Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event, the Sturtian glaciation, was initiated by the injection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere. Geochronological data indicate that the Natkusiak magmatic assemblage of the Franklin large igneous province coincided with onset of the Sturtian glaciation. The Natkusiak was emplaced into an evaporite basin and entrained significant quantities of sulfur, which would have led to extensive SO2 and H2S outgassing in hot convective plumes. The largest of these plumes could have penetrated the tropopause, leading to stratospheric sulfate aerosol formation and an albedo increase sufficient to force a Snowball. Radiative forcing was maximized by the equatorial location of the Franklin and the cool Neoproterozoic background climate, which would have lowered the tropopause height, increasing the rate of stratospheric aerosol injection. Our results have implications for understanding Phanerozoic mass extinction events, exoplanet habitability, and aerosol perturbations to the present‐day climate.

show abstract