Magnitude and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adult Urban Dwellers of Northern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is becoming a big public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. Developing countries have an almost two-fold higher risk of death due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to high-income countries. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with MetS among adult residents of Mekelle city. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 266 randomly selected adults from July to September 2019. Data were collected on socio-demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics using a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPs survey tool. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles were tested using a blood sample. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with MetS and variables were considered statistically significant at p ≤0.05. Results The findings of this study showed the magnitude of MetS was 21.8%. The proportion of MetS was relatively higher among women (24.6%) than men (18.5%). Raised blood pressure was the most prominent (42.5%) component of MetS followed by central obesity (41.7%). The magnitude of the other components of MetS was 38.0%, 21.4%, and 14.3% for elevated triglyceride, raised FBG, and low HDL-C, respectively. Advanced age, medium and high monthly income, walking less than 10 minutes per day, raised Body Mass Index (BMI), higher waist to hip ratio, and elevated total cholesterol were significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion In this study, we found a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components, which highlights an urgent need for a public health strategy for its prevention, early diagnosis, and management.

Magnitude of metabolic syndrome in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

“…Similarly, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study was lower than reports in Jimma, South West Ethiopia, and that of the University of Gondar Hospital [ 19 , 28 ]; but those two studies were conducted among individuals with mental health problems. This finding is lower than the report from other studies conducted in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia (20.8%), and Haramaya University employees (20.1%) in Eastern Ethiopia; and, it is also lower than the pooled prevalence (34.9%) done in Ethiopia [ 14 , 15 ].…”

“…This burden on multiple fronts, which is far beyond what is experienced in developed countries, imposes immense pressure on the already struggling preventive and curative health care system of the country. Most of the previous studies were focused on institutional-based facilities (hospital) and the study participants were adult patients who visited the health facility for another comorbidity which can ultimately directly or indirectly affect the metabolic level of the study participants [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Metabolic syndrome distributions in dietary diversity score groups and its associated factors among adults in the urban community of Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: a community based cross- sectional study

“…Nowadays, the prevalence of MetS has increased worldwide and it is considered as a major public health problem [35][36][37]. Hence, this study attempted to detect the magnitude of MetS and its variation with the DDS among adults in the urban community of Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.…”

Determinants of metabolic syndrome among type two diabetic patients following diabetic clinic of Arba Minch General hospital, southern Ethiopia- a case-control study

“…Increased body weight also contributes to central obesity, which leads to the accumulation of fat in the body. Fat forms artery plaque, which narrows arteries and capillaries leading to hypertension (31)(32)(33)(34) The odd of metabolic disorders were 3 times higher among rural dwellers than urban dwellers. This can be explained by low-quality health care, low literacy which affects patients' health-seeking behavior, adherence to lifestyle modi cations, and management which are important in controlling noncommunicable diseases including components of metabolic syndrome.…”