Magnitud de la infección por VIH, poblaciones vulnerables y barreras de acceso a la atención sanitaria

Arribas, Mónica Morán; Rivero, Antonio; Fernandez, E.; Poveda, Toni; Caylà, Joan A.

doi:10.1016/s0213-005x(18)30239-8

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As regards other risk indicators, subjects stated they had one sexual partner or no sexual partner during the last month and approximately 50% stated they had two or fewer partners during the last year, which results are similar to the ones observed in another study [4]. Although our study does not observe an elevated number of sexual partners, an increase in the number of sexual partners is known to be related to an increase in STIs [21,23]. With respect to the use of drugs, most of them stated they did not use or used them sporadically, which findings also coincide with another research [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…As regards such finding, it should be noted that factors leading to a higher risk of acquiring HIV and STIs include not only early sexual intercourse and a higher number of sexual partners, but also drug use during said intercourse [22,23]. In Europe, an earlier initiation of sexual intercourse is observed, as well as an increase in the number of sexual partners, which would contribute to an increase in the incidence of STIs [21,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Association between Sexual Habits and Sexually Transmitted Infections at a Specialised Centre in Granada (Spain)

Santa-Bárbara

Hueso‐Montoro

Martín-Salvador

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Sexually transmitted infections are an important public health issue. The purpose of this study is to analyse the association between different sexual habits and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the population of Granada who consult with a specialised centre. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted based on the medical records of 678 people from the Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation Centre of Granada, who were diagnosed positively or negatively with a sexually transmitted infection, during the 2000−2014 period. Sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as data on frequency and type of sexual habits, frequency of condom use and sexually transmitted infection positive or negative diagnosis were collected. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. The most popular sexual habits were vaginal intercourse, oral sex (mouth–vagina and mouth–penis) and the least popular were anus–mouth and anal sex. The use of condom is frequent in vaginal and anal sex and less frequent in oral sex. Sexually transmitted infection is associated with mouth–penis (p = 0.004) and mouth–vagina (p = 0.023) oral sex and anal sex (p = 0.031). It is observed that there is a relationship between the presence of STIs and oral sex practices, people having such practices being the ones who use condoms less frequently. There is also a relationship between anal sex and the prevalence of STIs, although in such sexual practice the use of condom does prevail.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association between Sexual Habits and Sexually Transmitted Infections at a Specialised Centre in Granada (Spain)

Santa-Bárbara

Hueso‐Montoro

Martín-Salvador

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The serological analysis in our study showed very complete data for infections of HBV, HCV and HIV, which exceeded the data obtained in other studies [44][45][46]. The prevalence of HIV and HCV is greater for inmates than the general population [47]. In addition, they are over-exposed to other hepatitis, respiratory illnesses and influenza [48][49][50], so that the low percentages obtained for HBV vaccination (<5%) and Td (<9%) and the almost non-existent percentages for HAV and pneumococcal disease are discouraging.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Immunization Coverage of Inmates in Spanish Prisons

Vicente-Alcalde¹,

Tuells

Egoavil

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The correct immunization of the inmate population minimizes the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases in prisons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vaccine coverage of long-term prisoners in the Spanish penitentiary system through a retrospective longitudinal study. One-thousand and five prisoners were selected, who were imprisoned from 2008 and 2018 in three Spanish prisons. Their degree of immunization was evaluated as related to hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), tetanus, diphtheria, pneumococcus and seasonal flu. The state of vaccination of the prisoners with a serological diagnosis of HBV, hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also evaluated. The vaccination coverage obtained for hepatitis B was 52.3%, and for tetanus–diphtheria, it was 71.9%. However, for hepatitis A and pneumococcus infection, it was insignificant (<2% of the prisoners). Vaccination against seasonal flu was lower than 16%. The HCV and HIV-positive inmates were not correctly vaccinated either. The insufficient level of immunization obtained reflects the lack of interest and marginalization of this population by the penitentiary system and the health authorities. The lack of reliable records is combined with the lack of planned strategies that promote stable and well-defined programs of active vaccination.

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“…Specifically, it was found that CRF02_AG had a prevalence of 5.97% (95% CI: 5.41–6.57%) and was the most prevalent among the non-B clades (Flampouris et al, 2014). It is estimated that 130,000–160,000 people are living with HIV in Spain (Morán Arribas et al, 2018) while there is a high burden of late diagnosis. Current HIV epidemic in Spain is dominated by infections among MSM (del Amo and Iniesta, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

et al. 2019

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Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics.

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Magnitud de la infección por VIH, poblaciones vulnerables y barreras de acceso a la atención sanitaria

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Association between Sexual Habits and Sexually Transmitted Infections at a Specialised Centre in Granada (Spain)

Association between Sexual Habits and Sexually Transmitted Infections at a Specialised Centre in Granada (Spain)

Immunization Coverage of Inmates in Spanish Prisons

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

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