Magnification Effect of Foveal Avascular Zone Measurement Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Suda, Mika; Yoshikawa, Yuji; Terauchi, Gaku; Matsumoto, Soiti; Shoji, T.; Shinoda, Kei; Mizota, Atsushi; Kobayashi, Yoshiharu

doi:10.1159/000507501

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…These regional measurements of the choroidal thickness were adjusted for ocular transversal magnification associated with changes in the axial length of the eye. 55,56 Inter-subject variations in the position and size of the optic nerve head (that confounds the measurements of the nasal choroidal thickness) were accounted for by removing the thickness data across the area corresponding to the largest optic nerve head amongst subjects from all horizontal B-scans. To reduce the error in measurements of the choroidal thickness associated with increased retinal curvature in the periphery and localised changes in the CSI (e.g., in the area surrounding the optic nerve head and insertion point of the posterior ciliary vessels), the choroidal thickness was calculated using the Laplace mathematical method with a custom-written programme, 57 consistent with previous studies that have utilised this thickness metric for measurements in the anterior and posterior ocular tissues.…”

Section: Choroidal Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide‐field choroidal thickness and vascularity index in myopes and emmetropes

Yazdani

Ehsaei

Hoseini-Yazdi

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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To study regional variations in choroidal thickness (CT), luminal thickness and stromal thickness of the choroid, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in low myopic and emmetropic eyes using wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: Sixty-nine healthy young adults between 20 and 38 years of age participated in this study, including 40 low myopes (mean ± SD spherical equivalent (MSE) refractive error: −3.00 ± 1.39 D, range: −6.00 to −0.62 D) and 29 emmetropes (MSE: −0.05 ± 0.09 D, range: −0.25 to +0.12 D). Wide-field CT, luminal thickness, stromal thickness and CVI were measured across five eccentricities (fovea, parafovea, perifovea; near-periphery and periphery) and four quadrants (nasal, temporal, inferior and superior), in vertical and horizontal meridians, while controlling for a range of extraneous factors potentially influencing the CT. Custom-written software was used to segment and binarize the OCT images.Results: Wide-field CT, luminal thickness and stromal thickness, averaged across all participants, exhibited significant topographical variation, with the foveal (379 ± 8 µm, 200 ± 4 µm, 179 ± 4 µm, respectively) and peripheral (275 ± 8 µm, 161 ± 4 µm, 114 ± 4 µm, respectively) regions presenting the thickest and thinnest regions (all p < 0.001). Wide-field CVI showed a progressively higher percentage (greater vascularity) with increasing eccentricity from the fovea towards the periphery (p < 0.001). Macular CT and stromal choroidal thickness were significantly thinner in myopes compared to emmetropes (p < 0.05). Myopes (55.7 ± 0.3%) showed a slightly higher CVI compared with emmetropes (54.4 ± 0.4%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions:Low myopia in young adults was associated with significant choroidal thinning across the macular, but not extramacular regions, with this decrease in choroidal thickness mostly attributed to thinning in the stromal component of the choroid, rather than the luminal (vascular) component.

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Section: Choroidal Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide‐field choroidal thickness and vascularity index in myopes and emmetropes

Yazdani

Ehsaei

Hoseini-Yazdi

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…The magnification effect should be considered when evaluating FAZ area in myopic eyes (Suda et al. 2020). In our study, a FAZ size correction was not done, because none of the included eye was highly myopic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal risk factors associated with central retinal changes in former preterm children on optical coherence tomography angiography

Lavric

Markelj

Ding

et al. 2021

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose To assess the association between perinatal risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and central retinal structures of former preterm children seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods This prospective cohort study included 40 children with a history of preterm birth and 33 healthy full‐term children. We documented their birth weight, gestational age, other significant risk factors for ROP development and presence of ROP. Imaging was performed using swept‐source OCTA, and quantitative evaluation was performed. Analytic parameters included the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal depth (FD), central subfoveal retinal thickness (CSFT) and capillary density index (CDI) of the deep and superficial capillary plexus. Results Preterm children had significantly smaller FAZ, lower FD and higher CSFT compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Both groups exhibited no differences in total CDI at the superficial (p = 0.969) and deep capillary plexus (p = 0.370). The duration of mechanical ventilation correlated negatively with FAZ and FD but positively with CSFT. The duration of supplemental oxygen treatment correlated negatively with FD. The presence of intraventricular haemorrhage correlated negatively with FAZ and FD but positively with CSFT. Regression analysis found that the duration of mechanical ventilation and the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were associated with lower FD (p = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively) and higher CSFT (p = 0.002 and 0.028, respectively). Conclusion Central retinal anomalies were identified in former preterm children using OCTA. Macular changes were associated with several risk factors for ROP development.

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“…Moreover, Suda et al suggested that AL correlation in image analysis is important when the FAZ area is measured using OCTA. 21 Linderman et al reported that the FAZ area had a negative correlation with the AL when the AL correction in image analysis was not considered; however, this correlation existed when the AL correction was considered. 22 In our study, the FAZ area of the DRL showed a weak negative correlation with the AL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Age-Related Retinal Vascular Changes in the Macula Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Eyes After Cataract Surgery

Yoshikawa

Shoji

Kanno

et al. 2021

OPTH

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Purpose Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows noninvasive observation of the retinal vasculature, and image analysis can be used to calculate the retinal vessel density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. A previous study showed that macular vessel density and the signal strength index (SSI) of OCTA images increased significantly after cataract surgery. However, the effect of aging on OCTA analysis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate age-related changes in macular vascularization while excluding the effects of cataracts. Patients and Methods OCTA imaging of the macula was performed in adult patients who had undergone cataract surgery between February 2018 and May 2019 and in young healthy participants between April 2017 and April 2018. Results The median (quartiles) age of the overall study population was 59.0 (27.0, 69.0) years, and no severe refractive error was observed (axial length: 24.2 ± 1.3 [mean ± SD] mm; spherical equivalent: 0.75 [−2.25, 0.00] diopter). When we investigated the relationship between macular vessel density and age after excluding the effects of cataracts, we found that the macular vessel density showed age-related changes even in the absence of the effects of the SSI. However, the FAZ area was not affected by age. Conclusion Macular vessel density decreased with age, even when the effects of cataracts were excluded. The effects of age and cataracts should be considered when designing studies and interpreting OCTA findings of the retinal vasculature.

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Magnification Effect of Foveal Avascular Zone Measurement Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Wide‐field choroidal thickness and vascularity index in myopes and emmetropes

Wide‐field choroidal thickness and vascularity index in myopes and emmetropes

Perinatal risk factors associated with central retinal changes in former preterm children on optical coherence tomography angiography

Examination of Age-Related Retinal Vascular Changes in the Macula Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Eyes After Cataract Surgery

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