Magnetron co-sputtering synthesis and nanoindentation studies of nanocrystalline (TiZrHf)x(NbTa)1−x high-entropy alloy thin films

Cheng, Changjun; Zhang, Xiaofu; Haché, Michel J.R.; Zou, Yu

doi:10.1007/s12274-021-3805-1

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This morphology could be attributed to the oxidation of TiZrHfNbTa. 21 As shown in the EDS results (Fig. 2), all the elements are homogeneously distributed without obvious segregation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…To eliminate the substrate effect, the modified King's model for Berkovich indenter 27 can be applied to calculate the elastic modulus of the film ( E f ):where E s and v s are the elastic modulus (169 GPa) and Poisson's ratio (0.28) of the silicon substrate, 28 a is the square root of the projected contact area, t is the thickness of the film, h is the displacement, and α is a numerically determined scaling parameter depending on the function of a / t 27 (the corresponding values of different films are listed in Table 1). The corresponding nanohardness can be determined as: 21 where P / S 2 is the load/stiffness 2 value and E stad r is the calculated standard reduced modulus ignoring the substrate effect, i.e. , a / t → 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Moreover, based on the direct current (DC) magnetron co-sputtering technique, our previous studies have successfully fabricated nanocrystalline TiZrHfNbTa thin films and determined the relationship between the composition ratio (TiZrHf to NbTa) and mechanical properties. 21 However, despite their enhanced mechanical performance at room temperature, the strength of the TiZrHfNbTa system decreases rapidly with increasing temperature, hindering its high-temperature applications. 20 Therefore, it is critical to discover new and useful RHEA systems in a larger compositional space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase transition and nanomechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloy thin films: effects of co-sputtering Mo and W on a TiZrHfNbTa system

et al. 2022

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“…This morphology could be attributed to the oxidation of TiZrHfNbTa. 21 As shown in the EDS results (Fig. 2), all the elements are homogeneously distributed without obvious segregation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase transition and nanomechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloy thin films: effects of co-sputtering Mo and W on a TiZrHfNbTa system

et al. 2022

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“…It is highly desirable to measure the mechanical properties of microscale particles at high strain rates over a large temperature range. Over the past decades, many new metallic materials have been developed and investigated. There are new opportunities to employ the cold spray method to these emerging metallic systems, including typical fcc HEAs, refractory bcc HEAs, − nanostructured alloys, , and quasicrystals, − providing a fundamental understanding of bonding mechanisms and microstructure evolution of these emerging materials processed by cold spray. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Microstructure Evolution and Bonding Features

Zou

2021

Acc. Mater. Res.

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Conspectus Most metal additive manufacturing (AM) methods involve the melting or sintering of feedstock powder or wire using an energy source (laser, electron beam, or electric arc). Solid-state AM, sometimes also known as non-beam-based AM, is a process in which the deposited material does not melt and is built up layer-by-layer, typically through severe plastic deformation. Initially considered to be a coating technique, by virtue of its high deposition rate, cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is attractive as a solid-state AM technology. In the CSAM process, metal powder particles are impacted onto a substrate at a supersonic velocity and relatively low temperature. The CSAM process reduces or eliminates many problems associated with melting or beam-based AM methods, making the CSAM technically attractive for a wide range of applications, such as in the aerospace, automobile, marine, biomedical, machinery, and energy sectors. In this Account, the author briefly reviews the setup of a cold spray system and discusses the strengths and drawbacks of CSAM compared with thermal sprays and beam-based AM processes, as well as applications in relevant industries. The author summarizes the bonding mechanisms proposed for the cold spray process. The focus of this Account is to review the microstructure evolution of several typical model metals (copper, nickel, aluminum, and titanium) during the cold spray process. The author shows a large variety of microstructure characteristics (recrystallized grains, annealing twins, shear bands, submicron-sized grains, deformation twins, and nanometer-sized grains) in cold-sprayed copper, dynamic recrystallization of cold-sprayed nickel, and the formation of refined grains even below 10 nm in size in cold-sprayed aluminum. The magnitude of the stacking fault energy of as-sprayed materials considerably influences the microstructure after cold spray and postprocessing. Due to the relatively low thermal conductivity and ductility of titanium, cold spraying of titanium shows both a high deposition efficiency and relatively high porosity of as-sprayed parts, as well as a heterogeneous microstructure. Moreover, the Account introduces the postprocessing heat treatment and nanoindentation characterization of cold-sprayed materials. A fundamental understanding of microstructure evolution during and after the cold spray process is essential for optimal mechanical properties. Lastly, the author provides a perspective on applying old lessons and taking advantage of new techniques and materials, including powder characterization, hybrid additive manufacturing, machine learning for searching process windows, nanomechanical testing, and emerging alloys (high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline alloys, and quasicrystals), to advance the research and applications of CSAM.

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“…The complex hierarchical structure from the atomic to the macroscopic level endows HEAs with excellent mechanical properties, including high specific strength, yield strength, and fracture toughness at a wide range of temperatures [2,3]. Based on these intrinsic features, magnetron co-sputtering deposition is regarded as one of the promising high-throughput techniques to provide great scope for performance optimization [4]. In this case, extensive attempts have been made to fabricate HEAs in the form of a film, which exhibits high strength [5], thermal stability [6], and corrosion resistance [7] designed for advanced coating applications, such as diffusion barriers [8] and metallic nano-/micro-lattices [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanolayered CoCrFeNi/Graphene Composites with High Strength and Crack Resistance

et al. 2022

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Emerging high-entropy alloy (HEA) films achieve high strength but generally show ineludible brittle fractures, strongly restricting their micro/nano-mechanical and functional applications. Nanolayered (NL) CoCrFeNi/graphene composites are elaborately fabricated via magnetron sputtering and the transfer process. It is uncovered that NL CoCrFeNi/graphene composite pillars exhibit a simultaneous ultra-high strength of 4.73 GPa and considerable compressive plasticity of over 20%. Detailed electron microscope observations and simulations reveal that the monolayer graphene interface can effectively block the crack propagation and stimulate dislocations to accommodate further deformation. Our findings open avenues for the fabrication of high-performance, HEA-based composites, thereby addressing the challenges and unmet needs in flexible electronics and mechanical metamaterials.

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Magnetron co-sputtering synthesis and nanoindentation studies of nanocrystalline (TiZrHf)x(NbTa)1−x high-entropy alloy thin films

Cited by 20 publications

References 59 publications

Phase transition and nanomechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloy thin films: effects of co-sputtering Mo and W on a TiZrHfNbTa system

Phase transition and nanomechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloy thin films: effects of co-sputtering Mo and W on a TiZrHfNbTa system

Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Microstructure Evolution and Bonding Features

Nanolayered CoCrFeNi/Graphene Composites with High Strength and Crack Resistance

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