Magnetostrictive Devices

Abstract

Magnetostrictive materials exhibit coupling between magnetic and mechanical energies. This bidirectional energy exchange can be employed for actuation, sensing, and energy harvesting. All ferromagnetic materials exhibit the magnetostrictive effect, but only certain iron–rare earth alloys, iron–gallium alloys, amorphous metals, and iron‐ aluminum alloys exhibit sufficiently high magnetostriction for commercial use. Because the magnetostrictive effect is an intrinsic material property that is robust against external factors such as stress and cyclic fatigue, magnetostrictive devices are suitable for harsh environments. This article provides an overview ofmagnetostrictivematerials and devices, particularly focused on Metglas, Terfenol‐D, and Galfenol. Various transducer topologies are presented and discussed, along with quantification of performance metrics and experimental aspects related to understanding and harnessing the intrinsic nonlinearities of magnetostrictive materials. Selected modeling approaches considering both constitutive material behavior and system response are presented.

Review of magnetostrictive materials for structural vibration control

“…The frequency bandwidth of magnetostrictive actuators is mainly constrained by eddy currents. By creating laminated or particulate magnetostrictive composites, recent magnetostrictive actuators have shown an operating frequency above 20kHz [21]. Without undergoing permanent depolarization that exists in piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials can also withstand harsh temperature.…”

“…Unlike their electrically-activated counterparts, magnetostrictive materials operate at dc frequency: a static magnetic field induces a static and stable response in these materials. Although, in principle, magnetostrictive materials can operate in the tens of thousands of Hertz, in practical actuator systems their response is limited by eddy currents (skin depth effect), electrical inductance, and mechanical resonance [21]. Commercial Terfenol-D-based actuators have been implemented in ultrasonic systems that operate at 20kHz [25,26].…”

Prospects of Using Fe-Ga Alloys for Magnetostrictive Applications at High Frequencies

“…Magnetostrictive materials play an important role in modern electrical engineering. Typical devices based on such materials are various sensors [1], actuators [2], transducers [2,3], and vibration energy harvesters [4]. Additionally, they can be used in various biomedical applications [5] and in flexible electronics [6,7].…”

The influences of magnetostrictive layers on active vibration control of laminated composite rotating cylindrical shells based on first-order shear deformation theory

“…26 Magnetostrictive materials are used now in several applications such as active vibration and noise control systems, hybrid motors, automotive brake systems, particulate actuators, and sensors. 27–30 Several researchers have investigated the vibration control of structures such as beams, 26,31 plates, 32–34 and shells 35–39 via magnetostrictive material.…”