Magnetospirillum caucaseum sp. nov., Magnetospirillum marisnigri sp. nov. and Magnetospirillum moscoviense sp. nov., freshwater magnetotactic bacteria isolated from three distinct geographical locations in European Russia

Dziuba, Marina; Koziaeva, Veronika; Grouzdev, Denis S.; Burganskaya, Ekaterina I; Baslerov, R. V.; Kolganova, T. V.; Chernyadyev, Alexander; Осипов, Г. А.; Andrianova, Ekaterina P.; Горленко, В. М.; Кузнецов, Б. Б.

doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000994

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…MTB are found among the phyla Proteobacteria , Nitrospirae , Planctomycetes , the candidate phylum ‘Omnitrophica’ and the candidate phylum ‘Latescibacteria’ (11–15). Despite the high diversity of MTB found in environmental samples, they are difficult to isolate in axenic culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of Magnetotactic Bacteria in the Freshwater Lake Beloe Bordukovskoe, Russia

Koziaeva

Alekseeva

Uzun

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) belong to different taxonomic groups according to 16S 21 rRNA or whole-genome phylogeny. Magnetotactic representatives of the class 22 Alphaproteobacteria and the order Magnetococcales are the most frequently isolated 23 MTB in environmental samples. This bias is due in part to limitations of currently 24 2 available methods to isolate MTB. Here we describe a new approach for isolation of 25 MTB cells that does not depend on cell motility and will allow collecting bacteria 26 both south-and north-seeking movement. We also designed a specific primer system 27 for the gene encoding the MamK protein that effectively detects diverse MTB 28 phylogenetic groups in any sample type. The combination of these two approaches 29 allowed the identification of a novel MTB belonging to the family Syntrophaceae of 30 the class Deltaproteobacteria. Moreover, we found that Nitrospirae bacteria 31 predominated in the MTB fraction of a sample taken from Lake Beloe Bordukovskoe 32 near Moscow, Russia. We describe the novel dominant Nitrospirae bacterium 33 'Candidatus Magnetomonas plexicatena' and propose its taxonomic name. 34 IMPORTANCE 35Among magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the members of phyla Proteobacteria, 36 Nitrospirae and 'Ca. Omnitrophica' have been studied extensively using the existing 37 approaches. However, in recent years, analyses of the metagenomic databases have 38 revealed the presence of MTB in phylogenetic groups, which had not been previously 39 detected using standard approaches. This finding indicates that the biodiversity of 40 MTB is much broader than is currently known. The difficulty of identifying MTB 41 based on comparative analysis of 16S rRNA genes lies in the existence of closely 42 related species of non-magnetotactic bacteria. Moreover, there is an absence of 16S 43 rRNA MTB sequences from such taxonomic groups as 'Latescibacteria' and 44 Planctomycetes. In addition, the standard methods of separating MTB can benefit 45 bacteria with high motility. Developing novel strategies for investigation offers great 46 3 promise towards identifying MTB groups. We have proposed new approach to 47 separate MTB cells from environmental samples and have also proposed a specific 48 primer system for the MTB identification. 49 INTRODUCTION 50 Prokaryotes having directed active movement that is guided by geomagnetism are 51 collectively called magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) (1). The term MTB has no 52 taxonomic meaning such that it representatives are physiologically, morphologically 53 and phylogenetically different and share only the ability to synthesize special 54 organelles called magnetosomes. Magnetosomes consist of nanosized magnetite 55 (Fe 3 O 4 ) (2) or greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) (3-5) crystals surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane 56having proteins specific to the organelle (6, 7). Magnetosomes frequently assemble 57 into chains inside the cell (8). MTB evolved the ability to conduct a special type of 58 movement called magnetotaxis, which is based on orientation relative...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of Magnetotactic Bacteria in the Freshwater Lake Beloe Bordukovskoe, Russia

Koziaeva

Alekseeva

Uzun

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Therefore, more information would be needed to show whether Fe(III) oxides in the dinosaur bone could possibly be reduced when anoxic conditions prevail in the microenvironments. More intriguingly, two Alphaproteobacteria MAGs (Dino_bin8 and Dino_ bin47) were phylogenetically close to magnetotactic bacteria such as Magnetospirillum marisnigri [96] and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense [97] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Potential Sulfur and Iron Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genome-centric resolution of novel microbial lineages in an excavated Centrosaurus dinosaur fossil bone from the Late Cretaceous of North America

Liang

Lau

Saitta

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiome

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Background: Exceptional preservation of endogenous organics such as collagens and blood vessels has been frequently reported in Mesozoic dinosaur fossils. The persistence of these soft tissues in Mesozoic fossil bones has been challenged because of the susceptibility of proteins to degradation and because bone porosity allows microorganisms to colonize the inner microenvironments through geological time. Although protein lability has been studied extensively, the genomic diversity of microbiomes in dinosaur fossil bones and their potential roles in bone taphonomy remain underexplored. Genome-resolved metagenomics was performed, therefore, on the microbiomes recovered from a Late Cretaceous Centrosaurus bone and its encompassing mudstone in order to provide insight into the genomic potential for microbial alteration of fossil bone. Results: Co-assembly and binning of metagenomic reads resulted in a total of 46 high-quality metagenomeassembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated to six bacterial phyla (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Nitrospira, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi) and 1 archaeal phylum (Thaumarchaeota). The majority of the MAGs represented uncultivated, novel microbial lineages from class to species levels based on phylogenetics, phylogenomics and average amino acid identity. Several MAGs from the classes Nitriliruptoria, Deltaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were highly enriched in the bone relative to the adjacent mudstone. Annotation of the MAGs revealed that the distinct putative metabolic functions of different taxonomic groups were linked to carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and iron metabolism. Metaproteomics revealed gene expression from many of the MAGs, but no endogenous collagen peptides were identified in the bone that could have been derived from the dinosaur. Estimated in situ replication rates among the bacterial MAGs suggested that most of the microbial populations in the bone might have been actively growing but at a slow rate.

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“…Our results obtained in studies on the biodiversity of MTB in freshwater ecosystems in Russia, allowed us [18] to find and describe four new species of Magnetospirillum genus ( Figure 1B), but these MTB possessed just the same levels of magnetosome production as the previously described Magnetospirillum. A common scheme for the isolation of new MTB species from natural habitats includes the following steps: (i) the sampling from the studied source, (ii) microcosm formation, (iii) magnetic separation of MTB, (iv) enrichment of magnetically separated MTB fraction using 'race-track' method, (v) inoculation of final dilutions in elective media, (vi) growing, microscopic analysis of cultures, (vii) secondary inoculation from the enrichment cultures, new growing and analysis repeating (this cycle could occur many times until the pure culture/or failure resulted).…”

Section: Magnetotacticbacteria -Trends For the Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

Magnetotactic Bacteria – Trends for the Future Research

Grouzdev¹,

Koziaeva²,

Кузнецов³

et al. 2017

NanoWorld J

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Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are interesting for their ability to produce sizenarrowed and chemically pure magnetic nanoparticles, which are the promising new nanomaterial useful for a number of biotech applications -drug delivery, cell sorting, DNA/RNA extraction, etc. The only difficulty hampering the practical recruitment of bacterial magnetosomes is the low level of their production by bacteria. The ways to get over this problem are discussed in the paper. KeywordsMagnetosomes, Nanoparticles, Magnetospirillum Letter to the EditorMagnetotactic bacteria were discovered by Salvatore Bellini in freshwater ecosystems near Pavia, Italy [1]. Bellini observed bacteria moved towards the north pole of the magnet and proposed that there are small magnetic compasses inside their cells [2]. Later such magnets were described. The first TEM pictures of the magnetic crystals chain inside Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 revealed that each electron-dense particle is surrounded by one or several layers of organic material, and Blakemore hypothesized that this layer could be a lipid membrane, which was confirmed a few years later when the lipid analysis of purified magnetosomes was undertaken [3]. Further studies revealed a vast diversity of magnetosome nanoparticles in their forms -cuboctahedral, elongated hexagonal prismatic and bullet-shaped morphologies were reported [4].Why MTB need to synthesize magnetosomes? The common answer is that the presence of a magnetosome chain inside MTB cell allows it to orient themselves passively by the geomagnetic field. It accelerates and facilitates the search of the preferable layer in the oxic-anoxic transition zone of the aquatic bottom sediments [5]. If it is the sole function of magnetosomes or they possess any other function, remains discussable, but the presence of a magnetic needle inside bacterial cell offers us a tool to guide MTB with external magnetic force [6].Bacterial magnetosomes are made from magnetite Fe 3 O 4 or greigite Fe 3 S 4 and surrounded by a lipoprotein membrane. De novo magnetite synthesis techniques mostly allow production of crystals which are either too small (and thus being superparamagnetic) or too large (possessing multiple domain crystals) for biomedical applications. Magnetite crystals produced by MTB are strikingly consistent in size and shape and always fall within the single magnetic domain range (30-120 nm in length) and confer a permanent magnetic dipole moment to the cell. In MTB, magnetite is conveniently produced at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure. The first studies on the practical application of magnetosomes appeared in late 80's and early 90's when magnetosomes were used

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Magnetospirillum caucaseum sp. nov., Magnetospirillum marisnigri sp. nov. and Magnetospirillum moscoviense sp. nov., freshwater magnetotactic bacteria isolated from three distinct geographical locations in European Russia

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Biodiversity of Magnetotactic Bacteria in the Freshwater Lake Beloe Bordukovskoe, Russia

Biodiversity of Magnetotactic Bacteria in the Freshwater Lake Beloe Bordukovskoe, Russia

Genome-centric resolution of novel microbial lineages in an excavated Centrosaurus dinosaur fossil bone from the Late Cretaceous of North America

Magnetotactic Bacteria – Trends for the Future Research

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