Magnetospheric substorms—definition and signatures

Rostoker, G.; Akasofu, S.‐I.; Foster, J. C.; Greenwald, R. A.; Kamide, Y.; Kawasaki, Koji; Lui, A. T. Y.; McPherron, R. L.; Russell, C. T.

doi:10.1029/ja085ia04p01663

Cited by 406 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…of the growth phase of a substorm, on average 45 min [Rostoker et al, 1980]. In this study, the lag time between the SW at ACE and the TFF at tail is chosen to be 90 min.…”

Section: Tff Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X lines in the magnetotail for southward and northward IMF conditions

et al. 2015

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Utilizing associated observations of Geotail and ACE satellites from the year of 1998 to 2005, we investigated the X lines in the near‐Earth tail under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The X lines are recognized by the tailward fast flows with negative Bz. Statistically, the X lines in the tail can be observed for southward as well as northward IMF, but more frequently observed for southward IMF. A typical case on 26 April 2005 showed clear evidence that the X line can occur for northward IMF while the geomagnetic activity is particularly quiet. Further analysis showed that the X line‐related solar wind has stronger Ey and Bz components for southward than northward IMF. In addition, the X line‐related geomagnetic activities are stronger for southward than northward IMF.

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“…of the growth phase of a substorm, on average 45 min [Rostoker et al, 1980]. In this study, the lag time between the SW at ACE and the TFF at tail is chosen to be 90 min.…”

Section: Tff Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X lines in the magnetotail for southward and northward IMF conditions

et al. 2015

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“…A substorm is a transient phenomenon in which a significant amount of energy is released from the magnetotail and is deposited in the polar ionosphere 48 (e.g., Akasofu, 1968;Rostoker et al, 1980). Each substorm has a lifetime on the order of a few hours, much shorter than the lifetime of a magnetic storm.…”

Section: The Phases Of Geomagnetic Stormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards

Daglis¹

2001

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Subject Terms Report Classification unclassified Classification of this page unclassified Classification of Abstract unclassified Limitation of Abstract UU Number of Pages 486REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, -to review recent spacecraft measurements that have provided new insight into the dynamics and effects of space storms; -to review space weather hazards associated with space storms and pertinent to the operation of technological systems in space and on ground;-to discuss and assess methods of space weather forecasting, as well as national and international initiatives towards an efficient development of space climatology.Space weather, the invisible but nevertheless effective result of solar activity and solar-terrestrial coupling, has affected the operations of communication systems since the appearance of telegraph in the 19th century, though as an unknown trouble factor. Nowadays, the effects of space weather affect in various ways all communication modes, from cable to wireless to space-based systems. Moreover, space weather hazards include malfunction or even permanent damage of power distribution grids and of telecommunication, navigation and surveillance satellites, disturbances of over-the-horizon (OTH) radar, HF, VHF and UHF communications, surveying and navigation systems that use Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, surveillance (optical and radar), and satellite tracking. Space weather influences on the Earth's weather and climate is still a developing topic. Little is known concerning the biological effects of space weather, especially regarding astronauts.This Institute could not be timelier. Space Weather, which has been defined as "conditions on the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-and ground-based technological systems and can endanger human life", encompasses a broad range of phenomena impacting both space science and technology. The effects of Space Weather, while present throughout the solar cycle, gain particular prominence around the peak of the 11-year sunspot activity; the maximum of cycle 23 occurred in summer 2000.The fact that this ASI on Space Weather was held in Europe is particularly appropriate. European countries host a considerable repository of knowledge and world-class facilities in this field. Nevertheless, while Space Weather activities in c...

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“…Lester et al, 1983), and thus the onset of Pi2 pulsations may be taken as a proxy for substorm onset (e.g. Rostoker at al., 1980). The first time of note is 18:23 UT, when Pi2 pulsation onset occurs at all stations, although only one station, tar, is shown.…”

Section: Image and 210 MM Magnetometer Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A joint Cluster and ground-based instruments study of two magnetospheric substorm events on 1 September 2002

et al. 2004

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Abstract. We present a coordinated ground-and spacebased multi-instrument study of two magnetospheric substorm events that occurred on 1 September 2002, during the interval from 18:00 UT to 24:00 UT. Data from the Cluster and Polar spacecraft are considered in combination with ground-based magnetometer and HF radar data. During the first substorm event the Cluster spacecraft, which were in the Northern Hemisphere lobe, are to the west of the main region affected by the expansion phase. Nevertheless, substorm signatures are seen by Cluster at 18:25 UT (just after the expansion phase onset as seen on the ground at 18:23 UT), despite the ∼5 R E distance of the spacecraft from the plasma sheet. The Cluster spacecraft then encounter an earthwardmoving diamagnetic cavity at 19:10 UT, having just entered the plasma sheet boundary layer. The second substorm expansion phase is preceded by pseudobreakups at 22:40 and 22:56 UT, at which time thinning of the near-Earth, L=6.6, plasma sheet occurs. The expansion phase onset at 23:05 UT is seen simultaneously in the ground magnetic field, in the magnetotail and at Polar's near-Earth position. The response in the ionospheric flows occurs one minute later. The second substorm better fits the near-Earth neutral line model for substorm onset than the cross-field current instability model.

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Magnetospheric substorms—definition and signatures

Cited by 406 publications

References 15 publications

X lines in the magnetotail for southward and northward IMF conditions

X lines in the magnetotail for southward and northward IMF conditions

Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards

A joint Cluster and ground-based instruments study of two magnetospheric substorm events on 1 September 2002

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