Magnetosphere Distortions During the “Satellite Killer” Storm of February 3–4, 2022, as Derived From a Hybrid Empirical Model and Archived Data Mining

Abstract

Quantitative reconstruction of the magnetic connectivity between the ionosphere and the vast volume of distant magnetosphere has traditionally been the principal goal of the data-based empirical modeling. Introduction of advanced mathematical architectures (N. A. Tsyganenko & Sitnov, 2007, henceforth TS07; N. A. Tsyganenko, Andreeva, Kubyshkina, et al., 2021, and references therein), the continuing growth of volume/quality of archived data, and the development of new methods of data ingestion into the models (Sitnov et al., 2008, 2020, and refs. therein) resulted in significant progress, making it eventually possible to model not only average magnetospheric states, quantified by ad hoc driving functions (e.g., N. A. Tsyganenko & Andreeva, 2015; henceforth TA15), but also to reproduce the dynamics of individual events (

Magnetospheric Time History in Storm‐Time Magnetic Flux Dynamics

“…This is the best we can currently achieve given the sparse magnetospheric probes. Future research will (a) utilize global simulations to compare with the above statistical results (Liemohn et al, 1999(Liemohn et al, , 2001(Liemohn et al, , 2015, and (b) introduce time-history into storm-time magnetospheric magnetic field models (e.g., Mead & Fairfield, 1975;Stephens & Sitnov, 2021;Tsyganenko & Sitnov, 2005;Tsyganenko et al, 2003Tsyganenko et al, , 2022.…”

The Loss of Starlink Satellites in February 2022: How Moderate Geomagnetic Storms Can Adversely Affect Assets in Low‐Earth Orbit

“…Multiple studies have analyzed the solar eruptive events (e.g., Dang et al, 2022;Fang et al, 2022;Gopalswamy et al, 2023;Kataoka et al, 2022;Pal et al, 2023), Joule-heating-mediated changes in thermospheric conditions as a result of their interaction with Earth's magnetosphere (e.g., He et al, 2023;Laskar et al, 2023;Lin et al, 2022;Lockwood et al, 2023), thermospheric drag and orbital decay of the Starlink satellites (e.g., Berger et al, 2023;Guarnieri et al, 2023;Y. Zhang et al, 2022), as well as magnetospheric and ionospheric effects (e.g., Duann et al, 2023;Gulyaeva et al, 2023;Tsurutani et al, 2022;Tsyganenko et al, 2022) due to the geomagnetic storms of 3-4 February 2022. This is the first study that employs data-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling of Earth's magnetosphere, alongside detailed investigations of the near-Sun and near-Earth environments concurrent with the loss of the Starlink satellites, to interpret the physical processes that led to this mishap.…”