Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection in a Triangular Cavity Filled With a Cu-Al2O3/Water Hybrid Nanofluid With Localized Heating From Below and Internal Heat Generation

Abstract

This study investigates the convective heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid filled in a triangular cavity subjected to a constant magnetic field and heated by a constant heat flux element from below. The inclined side of the cavity is cooled isothermally while the remaining sides are thermally insulated. The finite difference method with the stream function-vorticity formulation of the governing equations has been utilized in the numerical solution. The problem is governed by several pertinent parameters namely, the size and position of the heater element, B = 0.2–0.8 and D = 0.3–0.7, respectively, the Rayleigh number, Ra = 102–106, the Hartmann number, Ha = 0–100, the volume fraction of the suspended nanoparticles, ϕ = 0–0.2, and the heat generation parameter Q = 0–6. The results show significant effect of increasing the volume fraction of the hybrid nanofluid when the natural convection is very small. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid composed of equal quantities of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in water base fluid has no significant enhancement on the mean Nusselt number compared with the regular nanofluid.

Mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow in lid-driven undulated cavity: effect of MHD and Joule heating

“…The code validation has been conducted while employing the dimensionless parameters as Ha = 10, 0.05   , D= 0.5, Ra = 10 4 , Q = 1, B = 0.4. A very good agreement has been found between the present results and the results of Rashad et al (2018). These flattering comparisons provide confidence in the numerical results to be reported subsequently.…”

“…In order to authenticate the exactness of present numerical technique, the obtained results in special cases have been compared with the results obtained by Rashad et al (2018). These comparisons have been presented obviously in Figure 2 in terms of the streamlines and Isotherms.…”

“…The gravitational acceleration acts to the vertical downward surface. Thermo-physical properties of base fluid and different nanoparticles have been shown in Table 1 and taken from Rashad et al (2018) and , assumed constant except for the density variation, which is maintained on Boussinesq approximation.…”

“…where A is the dimensionless amplitude of the wavy surface and λ is the number of undulation. Using equation 5the governing partial differential equations (1-4) have been transformed into nondimensional form according to Rashad et al (2018) and :…”

“…[109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] Mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow in lid-driven undulated cavity: effect of MHD and Joule heating Code validation of the streamlines and isotherms betweenRashad et al (2018) and that of present research at Ha = 10, 0.05   ,D = 0.5, Ra =10 4 , Q = 1, B = 0.4 viscosity ofBrinkman model (1952) …”