Magnetoconvection Phenomena:  A Mechanism for Influence of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemical Processes

Waskaas, Magne; Kharkats, Yurij I.

doi:10.1021/jp984730t

Cited by 108 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The shift is anodic for all three metals (Fe, Co, Ni), in contrast to the report of Waskaas and Kharkats [7].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic field effects on the rest potential of ferromagnetic electrodes

Hinds¹,

Rhen²,

Coey³

IEEE International Digest of Technical Papers on Magnetics Conference

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Abstract-The application of a magnetic field unexpectedly alters the rest potential of ferromagnetic electrodes in paramagnetic solutions of their salts. Anodic shifts of up to 60 mV in a field of 1 tesla were observed for 1 M iron electrodes in iron nitrate solution. The magnitude of the shift depends on magnetic field strength and orientation and it varies with the anion used. The shift is smaller for cobalt and nickel ( 2 mV) than for iron. The effect is attributed to modifications in the rate of mass transport under the influence of the magnetic field gradient force.

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“…The shift is anodic for all three metals (Fe, Co, Ni), in contrast to the report of Waskaas and Kharkats [7].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…potential of an iron electrode immersed in various paramagnetic iron salt solutions [7]. Even more surprisingly, they found that whereas the shift was in the anodic direction for iron, the potential shifted cathodically for both cobalt and nickel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Magnetic field effects on the rest potential of ferromagnetic electrodes

Hinds¹,

Rhen²,

Coey³

IEEE International Digest of Technical Papers on Magnetics Conference

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“…Unlike NO 3 − , oxygen is uncharged and therefore unaffected by Lorentz force, which would suggest that the field gradient force could be responsible for the small additional shift as in aerated solution.…”

Section: J4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waskaas and Kharkats [2][3][4] reported anodic shifts for iron in a variety of different electrolytes. The largest shift in 0.8 T was 45 mV in 1 M FeCl 3 . No such effect appeared for diamagnetic electrolytes such as MgCl 2 or ZnCl 2 , or for nonferromagnetic electrodes such as copper and zinc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Electrochemical Rest Potential

Rhen

Fernández

Hinds

et al. 2006

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The influence of an external magnetic field on the rest potential E 0 of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic electrodes is studied. The shift ⌬E 0 is measured as a function of magnetic field magnitude and direction, pH, electrolyte composition, solution agitation, and electrode roughness. Anodic shifts can be observed not only for ferromagnetic electrodes ͑iron, cobalt, nickel͒, but also for nonmagnetic electrodes ͑zinc, manganese͒. The essential condition to observe the shift is that the electrode should be actively corroding. An anodic shift is observed when the cathodic corrosion current is mass-transport limited. The primary mechanism for the effect is agitation of the electrolyte near the electrode surface due to Lorentz force acting on the corrosion currents directly, or via the electrokinetic effect. A smaller influence of magnetic field gradient produced by ferromagnetic electrodes is identified.

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“…3. According to Waskaas and Kharkats, 15) additional limiting current due to the magnetic field can be written as At weak magnetic fields:…”

Section: Potentiodynamic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Magnetic Field on the Flow Assisted Corrosion of Low Alloy Steel in an Alkaline Solution

Kim

2005

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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The effects of a magnetic field on the protective oxide layer of a low alloy steel were evaluated to develop a method to mitigate against feeder wall thinning. A magnet-attached rotating cylinder electrode and piping steel covered with simulated oxide film were used in potentiodynamic test and erosion test to determine the magnetic effect on electrochemical and erosional aspect of the oxide layer, respectively. An electrochemical corrosion reaction was active in the magnetic field because the local mass transfer rate was increased by the magnetohydrodynamic force generated by a coupling of the electric and magnetic field. However, the magnetic field effect decreased with increasing temperature and rotation velocity. Those might be come from the facts that the thickness of the diffusion layer decreased with rotating velocity and the diffusion constant increased with increasing temperature. Actually, the erosion of oxide layer was restrained by the magnetic field, because eroded particles were re-precipitated on the worn oxide surface and interfered with the erodent when the magnetic field was maintained. The effect of the magnetic field on the electrochemical corrosion reaction was reduced with increasing temperature, while the erosive resistance of oxide layer is enhanced by the magnetic field. A permanent magnet may be possibly used as feeder wall thinning mitigation method for nuclear power plants.

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Magnetoconvection Phenomena: A Mechanism for Influence of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemical Processes

Cited by 108 publications

References 26 publications

Magnetic field effects on the rest potential of ferromagnetic electrodes

Magnetic field effects on the rest potential of ferromagnetic electrodes

Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Electrochemical Rest Potential

Effect of a Magnetic Field on the Flow Assisted Corrosion of Low Alloy Steel in an Alkaline Solution

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