Magneto-optical resonances in fluorescence from sodium D<sub>2</sub> manifold

Grewal, Raghwinder Singh; Pati, G. S.; Tripathi, Renu; Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.; Purucker, Michael E.

doi:10.1364/oe.382823

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Synchronous optical pumping is a well-established technique in which atomic coherence is produced by optically pumping the atoms at the rate of their Larmor precession, thus creating a resonance at nonzero magnetic field. It is implemented by modulating the light amplitude [6,7], frequency [8,9] or polarization [10][11][12]. This method has been widely used in atomic magnetometry [13,14], and also, in precision measurement of permanent electric-dipole moment [15][16][17] In synchronous optical pumping experiments, a spectrum containing multiple magnetic resonances is produced due to interaction of atoms with the frequency sidebands of modulated light [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is implemented by modulating the light amplitude [6,7], frequency [8,9] or polarization [10][11][12]. This method has been widely used in atomic magnetometry [13,14], and also, in precision measurement of permanent electric-dipole moment [15][16][17] In synchronous optical pumping experiments, a spectrum containing multiple magnetic resonances is produced due to interaction of atoms with the frequency sidebands of modulated light [6,7]. Light polarization decides the type of magnetic resonance produced in this spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-ellipticity and polarization-angle dependence of magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor using amplitude-modulated light: Theoretical and experimental investigations

2020

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We report on experimental and theoretical investigations on the polarization dependence of magnetic resonance generated by synchronous optical pumping. Narrow linewidth magnetic resonances are obtained experimentally by using a rubidium vapor cell with antirelaxation coating. We studied the effect of light ellipticity on the amplitudes and widths of magnetic resonances when light modulation frequency matches with 2L (alignment) and L (orientation) in a Bell-Bloom interaction geometry, with L corresponding to the Larmor frequency. Both 2L and L resonance amplitudes showed a strong dependence on the light ellipticity. In addition, we also show that the duty cycle of light modulation can control the rate of variation of 2L and L resonance amplitudes. This can find potential usage in applications that require in situ measurement of light ellipticity. We also studied the dependence of 2L and L resonance amplitudes on the polarization angle by using a linearly polarized light. We observed that these amplitudes oscillate periodically with the polarization angle. This oscillatory behavior is sensitive to the tilt in magnetic field orientation from the polarization plane. Such a property could be used to realize a vector magnetometer using synchronous optical pumping. A density matrix based theoretical model is developed to simulate the resonance spectrum for different light polarizations. The model accurately reproduces the above-mentioned experimental observations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-ellipticity and polarization-angle dependence of magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor using amplitude-modulated light: Theoretical and experimental investigations

2020

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Saturation and optical pumping effects in the fluorescence that follows the excitation of the D2 transition in atomic rubidium

Quiroz-Sánchez

Ramírez-Martínez

Hoyos-Campo

et al. 2022

Optics Communications

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Numerical analysis of the optical pumping process coupled with 23Na D2 manifold modeled as a partially resolved hyperfine structure

Zhang

Ren

et al. 2020

AIP Advances

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All magnetometers using alkali atoms rely on the monochromatic light driving the optical pumping process in the D1 or D2 line to create spin-polarized atoms. In the study of a sodium (Na) magnetometer, we find that 23Na exhibits the same hyperfine structure as exhibited by the 87Rb atom but differs from Rb in terms of level splitting. The narrowly split hyperfine levels of the 23Na 3P3/2 excited state are comparable to its natural broadening (9.8 MHz). We have modeled the nearly unresolved hyperfine structure as a partially resolved multilevel system in which the absorption at each photon detuning will induce adjacent allowed transition pathways simultaneously. Thus, the corresponding optical pumping processes of 23Na and 87Rb are governed by similar rate equations but result in different redistributed populations. By numerically solving the rate equations, we demonstrate that optically pumped 23Na has a much smaller spin polarization than that of 87Rb because the population imbalances between the ground state Zeeman levels of 23Na are very small. The inefficient optical pumping can explain why Na magnetometers are not studied extensively. The investigation into the optical pumping process of 23Na is helpful in preparing a highly spin-polarized atomic medium and optimizing the sensitivity of Na magnetometers.

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Magneto-optical resonances in fluorescence from sodium D₂ manifold

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Light-ellipticity and polarization-angle dependence of magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor using amplitude-modulated light: Theoretical and experimental investigations

Light-ellipticity and polarization-angle dependence of magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor using amplitude-modulated light: Theoretical and experimental investigations

Saturation and optical pumping effects in the fluorescence that follows the excitation of the D2 transition in atomic rubidium

Numerical analysis of the optical pumping process coupled with 23Na D2 manifold modeled as a partially resolved hyperfine structure

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Magneto-optical resonances in fluorescence from sodium D2 manifold

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Light-ellipticity and polarization-angle dependence of magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor using amplitude-modulated light: Theoretical and experimental investigations

Light-ellipticity and polarization-angle dependence of magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor using amplitude-modulated light: Theoretical and experimental investigations

Saturation and optical pumping effects in the fluorescence that follows the excitation of the D2 transition in atomic rubidium

Numerical analysis of the optical pumping process coupled with 23Na D2 manifold modeled as a partially resolved hyperfine structure

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Magneto-optical resonances in fluorescence from sodium D₂ manifold