Magneto-Optic Modulator with Unit Quantum Efficiency

Williamson, Lewis A.; Chen, Yuhui; Longdell, Jevon J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.203601

Cited by 194 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…For the required coupling between the vastly different wavelengths, different experimental platforms have been proposed, e.g., cold atoms [5,6], spin ensembles coupled to superconducting circuits [7,8], and trapped ions [9,10]. The highest conversion efficiency so far was reached via electro-optomechanical coupling, where a high-quality mechanical membrane [11,12] or a piezoelectric photonic crystal [13] provide the link between an electronic LC circuit and laser light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Rueda¹,

Sedlmeir²,

Collodo³

et al. 2016

Optica

220

218

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Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwave-to-optical conversion to link electronic quantum processors and memories via low-loss optical telecommunication networks. Efficient conversion can be achieved with electro-optical modulators operating at the single microwave photon level. In the standard electro-optic modulation scheme, this is impossible because both up-and down-converted sidebands are necessarily present. Here, we demonstrate true single-sideband up-or down-conversion in a triply resonant whispering gallery mode resonator by explicitly addressing modes with asymmetric free spectral range. Compared to previous experiments, we show a 3 orders of magnitude improvement of the electro-optical conversion efficiency, reaching 0.1% photon number conversion for a 10 GHz microwave tone at 0.42 mW of optical pump power. The presented scheme is fully compatible with existing superconducting 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics technology and can be used for nonclassical state conversion and communication. Our conversion bandwidth is larger than 1 MHz and is not fundamentally limited.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Rueda¹,

Sedlmeir²,

Collodo³

et al. 2016

Optica

220

218

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These qubits operate at microwave frequencies and cryogenic temperatures. In order to embed them into the emerging quantum optical internet technology a coherent interface between optical and microwave photons is required [9].Ensembles of rare-earth (RE) ions doped into a crystal are a suitable system for coherent photon conversion between optical and microwave frequency bands [10][11][12]. Such RE doped crystals are currently at the forefront of quantum communication research, where many thrilling achievements such as the demonstration of a quantum memory at the optical telecom C-band [13], high efficiency storage of optical photons [14], generation of entanglement between two RE doped crystals [15] and quantum teleportation between a telecom O-band photon (1.34 µm) and a RE doped crystal [16] have been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave multimode memory with an erbium spin ensemble

et al. 2015

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Hybrid quantum system combining circuit QED with spin doped solids are an attractive platform for distributed quantum information processing. There, the magnetic ions serve as coherent memory elements and reversible conversion elements of microwave to optical qubits. Among many possible spin-doped solids, erbium ions offer the unique opportunity of a coherent conversion of microwave photons into the telecom C-band at 1.54 µm employed for long distance communication. In our work, we perform a time-resolved electron spin resonance study of an Er 3+ :Y2SiO5 spin ensemble at milli-Kelvin temperatures and demonstrate multimode storage and retrieval of up to 16 coherent microwave pulses. The memory efficiency is measured to be 10 −4 at the coherence time of T2 = 5.6 µs. We observe a saturation of the spin coherence time below 50mK due to full polarization of the surrounding electronic spin bath.A future quantum communication technology will combine three basic types of subsystems: Transmission channels, repeater stations and information processing nodes [1,2]. Similarly to classical communication networks, photons propagating through optical fiber channels are ideal for carrying quantum states over long distances and distribute entanglement between information processing nodes [3]. These computational nodes or quantum processors may be realized by employing single atomic or macroscopic solid-state systems. Among a plethora of solid state devices, superconducting (SC) qubits are one of the most promising building blocks for a future quantum computer [4]. Many ground breaking experiments have recently been demonstrated with SC qubits including the measurement of long coherence and relaxation times of up to 0.1 ms [5], coherent operation of up to three-qubit processors [6], the implementation of a deterministic two-qubit gate [7] and the realization of a basic surface code for fault tolerant computing [8]. These qubits operate at microwave frequencies and cryogenic temperatures. In order to embed them into the emerging quantum optical internet technology a coherent interface between optical and microwave photons is required [9].Ensembles of rare-earth (RE) ions doped into a crystal are a suitable system for coherent photon conversion between optical and microwave frequency bands [10][11][12]. Such RE doped crystals are currently at the forefront of quantum communication research, where many thrilling achievements such as the demonstration of a quantum memory at the optical telecom C-band [13], high efficiency storage of optical photons [14], generation of entanglement between two RE doped crystals [15] and quantum teleportation between a telecom O-band photon (1.34 µm) and a RE doped crystal [16] have been reported. Also, RE doped crystals are considered to have a great potential as a multimode optical memory element in a future quantum repeater technology [17], and storage and retrieval of 64 temporal optical modes at the single photon level has been demonstrated [18].A crucial step towards the development of a microwav...

show abstract

“…For the required coupling between the vastly different wavelengths, different experimental platforms have been proposed, e.g. cold atoms [5,6], spin ensembles coupled to superconducting circuits [7,8], and trapped ions [9,10]. The highest conversion efficiency so far was reached via electro-optomechanical coupling, where a high-quality mechanical membrane provides the link between an electronic LC circuit and laser light [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient single sideband microwave to optical conversion using a LiNbO3 WGM-resonator

Rueda

Sedlmeir

Collodo

et al. 2016

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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and + these authors contributed equally to this work Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwaveto-optical conversion to link electronic quantum processors and memories via low-loss optical telecommunication networks. Efficient conversion can be achieved with electro-optical modulators operating at the single microwave photon level. In the standard electro-optic modulation scheme this is impossible because both, up-and downconverted, sidebands are necessarily present. Here we demonstrate true single sideband up-or downconversion in a triply resonant whispering gallery mode resonator by explicitly addressing modes with asymmetric free spectral range. Compared to previous experiments, we show a three orders of magnitude improvement of the electro-optical conversion efficiency reaching 0.1% photon number conversion for a 10 GHz microwave tone at 0.42 mW of optical pump power. The presented scheme is fully compatible with existing superconducting 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics technology and can be used for non-classical state conversion and communication. Our conversion bandwidth is larger than 1 MHz and not fundamentally limited.

show abstract

Magneto-Optic Modulator with Unit Quantum Efficiency

Cited by 194 publications

References 48 publications

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Microwave multimode memory with an erbium spin ensemble

Efficient single sideband microwave to optical conversion using a LiNbO3 WGM-resonator

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