Magnetization of cadmium ferrite prepared by coprecipitation

Abstract

We investigated the magnetization of the ultrafine cadmium ferrite particles formed during the coprecipitation method and discussed the origin of enhanced magnetization based on the magnetic properties. A transmission electron microscopy micrograph shows aggregation of fine particles having two kinds of shapes, fibrous and granular. X-ray diffraction patterns of the specimens prepared by the coprecipitation method are composed of peaks corresponding to CdFe2O4, Cd(OH)2, and α-FeO(OH). The pattern indicates that the peaks of CdFe2O4 are fairly broad, suggesting the formation of a very small crystallite, with an average size of ∼8 nm. The ultrafine CdFe2O4 particles exhibit ferromagnetic behavior and have a net magnetization of 89±5 emu/g at 6 K. These results suggest that there must be many ferromagnetic clusters consisting of Fe3+ ions at the B sites around Fe3+ ions at the A site by the A–B interactions. Thus, such a change in the distribution of Fe3+ ions in the ultrafine CdFe2O4 particles results in increasing magnetization with decreasing particle size.

Bulk magnetic properties of CdFe2O4 in nano-regime

“…The number of clusters increases with decreasing particle size which eventually leads to increase in magnetization. Similar changes in magnetic properties with size were also observed in ultra fine cadmium ferrite synthesized by co-precipitation and high energy ball milled (HEMB) techniques (Yokoyama et al 1996(Yokoyama et al , 1998Chinnasamy et al 2001;Mahmoud et al 2003;Elkins et al 2005).…”

Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron for Environmental Cadmium Metal Treatment

“…which is in accordance with what is reported in the literature; these results show fiber formation analogous to previous studies with CdFe 2 O 4 particles synthesized by a coprecipitation method [41]. These studies in HRTEM presented the aggregation of fine particles of CdFe 2 O 4 having two kinds of shapes, fibrous and granular.…”

“…The oxyhydroxide iron (FeOOH) has a crystal structure containing tunnel-shaped cavities that run parallel to the c-axis. These sites are bound by double rows of fused octahedral, in which cadmium ions probably reside [41]. In Figure 2a, HRTEM images of nZVI exhibit spherical shapes and well-aligned aggregates with a diameter range between 25 and 70 nm.…”

Field-dependent low-field enhancement in effective paramagnetic moment with nanoscaled Co3O4

“…It results in an increasing of the effective magnetic moment and magnetic susceptibility with the reducing particle size [21,24,25]. In addition, the other factors, such as the synthesis process, postprocessing history, etc, also play an important role in determining the inversion ratio.…”