Magnetite Nanoparticle Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as an Efficient and Recoverable Adsorbent for the Removal of Cesium and Strontium Ions

Abstract

Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was synthesized by the solvothermal method and utilized as a potential adsorbent for the removal of cesium (Cs + ) and strontium (Sr 2+ ) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbate concentration and reaction time on the removal efficiencies of Cs + and Sr 2+ were investigated. The adsorption capacity increases as the initial concentration of Cs + /Sr 2+ increased from 1 to 170 mg/L, which might be due to the more available adsorption sites, and the adsorbent reached equilibrium at 360 min. The adsorption isotherm was fitted to the Freundlich model with maximum adsorption capacities of Cs + and Sr 2+ being 128.2 and 384.6 mg g −1 , respectively. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption behavior followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The rGO/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite showed excellent selectivity toward Cs + and Sr 2+ even in the presence of competitive cations (Na + , K + , and Mg 2+ ) having a higher concentration.

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“…Raman spectroscopy data ( Figure 1A) confirmed the structure of rGO reported in the literature for graphene composites reduced by different methods and decorated with magnetic nanoparticles. 29,[31][32][33][34] As expected, an intense D band was found at 1340 cm −1 and a characteristic G band was found at 1585 cm − 1. The D band is associated with structural defects, amorphous carbon, functional groups or edges that can break the symmetry, while the G band is related to the vibrational mode of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms.…”

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“…The Barrett–Joyner–Halenda pore size distribution, 3.74 nm for rGO and 5.4 nm for rGO/Fe 3 O 4 , suggested a mesoporous nature of the materials and average pore volumes of 0.27 cm 3 g −1 and 0.23 cm 3 g −1 for rGO and rGO/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite, respectively. [ 29 ] The decrease in surface area and decreased pore volume size distribution after decoration with magnetic nanoparticles reveal that the majority of pores are occupied with nanosized magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic characterization of rGO/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite was conducted using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature (Figure 2d).…”

“…The rGO/Fe 3 O 4 composite exhibits hysteresis, and coercivity is almost undetectable when the applied magnetic field is detached, which indicates superparamagnetic nature. [ 29 ] The measured saturation of magnetizations ( M s ) is about 18.6 emu g −1 . It was reduced with pure Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle (35.1 emu g −1 —not shown).…”

“…The adsorption kinetics of Pb (II) on the adsorbent is investigated by the pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order Lagergren rate equations. [ 29 ] The kinetics parameters which can be calculated from the linear plots of t / qt versus t are shown in Table 2 . The adsorption systems fit well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics.…”

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“…而吸附技术因其 操作简单、富集效率高、成本低而广泛应用于去除放 射性核素等有毒污染物 [10] . 近几十年来, 国内外文献 报道的常见吸附剂材料有黏土矿物 [11] 、铁氧化物/氢 氧化物 [12] 、石墨烯 [13] 和碳纳米管 [14] . 在众多吸附剂中, 铁氧化物, 如菱铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿和水 铁矿, 由于其成本低、效率高、普遍存在的特点而受 到广泛关注 [15] .…”