“…6,7,11 To synthesize such raw materials, numerous metal catalysts including Pt, Au, Ag, Pd, Ru, Rh, Cu and their various compounds have been employed to accelerate the reduction of azo dyes in the presence of NaBH 4. 12–19 However, the precursors of these metal catalysts are not cost-effective, require multistep preparative procedures, use relatively expensive toxic reagents and solvents, and less feasible for real-time recyclable and practical applications. 16 Therefore, it is highly essential to design and develop easily accessible none noble metal-based alternative catalysts that are highly efficient, fast active, recyclable, low cost, and nontoxic to all living species as well as to the environment.…”