Magnetism of rare-earth–transition-metal nanoscale multilayers. II. Theoretical analysis of magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Shan, Z.S.; Sellmyer, David J.; Jaswal, S. S.; Wang, Y.J.; Shen, J. X.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.10446

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Their most interesting feature seems to be the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) which is shown by Fe/RE with RE = Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy and Eu in some temperature ranges and Fe and RE thicknesses, as found by magnetisation measurements (e.g. Shan and Sellmyer 1990;Shan et al . 1990) and by 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (e.g.…”

Section: Fe/re Multilayersmentioning

confidence: 85%

Nuclear Orientation as a Tool for Investigation of Magnetic Multilayers with Rare Earths

Trhlík¹,

Rotter²,

Severijns³

et al. 1998

Aust. J. Phys.

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Low-temperature nuclear orientation (NO) is presented as a useful tool to study the behaviour of rare earth (RE) ionic magnetic moments in magnetic multilayers. NO is shown to give rather direct information about the direction of RE ionic moments in such low-dimensional systems. In particular, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) can be directly monitored using RE atoms as probes. The potential of NO is demonstrated by our recent results, which concern the Fe/Tb multilayers. We have studied NO of 160 Tb in Fe(40Å)/Tb(xÅ) (x = 5-30) and found that the Tb magnetic moments show PMA at low external magnetic fields (B ext). PMA of the Tb spins is found to be more pronounced when the Tb layer is thinner. It was found that B ext has a complicated influence on the Tb magnetic moment misalignment, which is connected with an interplay between PMA, the exchange interactions and the shape and magnetic crystalline anisotropy.

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Section: Fe/re Multilayersmentioning

confidence: 85%

Nuclear Orientation as a Tool for Investigation of Magnetic Multilayers with Rare Earths

Trhlík¹,

Rotter²,

Severijns³

et al. 1998

Aust. J. Phys.

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“…On the other hand, in case of magnetic multilayers the relevant properties strongly depend also upon the short range order in the interfacial region [3Y5]. For example, in Fe/Tb multilayers the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is mainly determined by the anisotropy of FeYTb bonds in the interfacial region [3], while in GMR multilayers of Fe/Si, coupling between two Fe layers depends upon the structure of the phase formed in the interfacial region between Fe and Si layers [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of the topological structure of the interfaces: Case of Fe/Tb multilayer Fe/Tb multlayers with appropriate layer thicknesses exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) even at room temperature [3,7,12,13]. The origin of PMA in these systems is not yet fully understood, however it is generally agreed that the dominant contribution to PMA comes from the single ion anisotropy of Aa represents the percentage area of the total spectrum in the a-Fe subspectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth Resolved Structural Studies in Multilayers Using X-ray Standing Waves

Gupta

2005

Hyperfine Interact

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X-ray based characterization techniques are powerful tools for the study of atomic scale structure of materials. However, high penetrating power of X-rays make them less suitable for depth selective studies, as required in the characterization of multilayer structures. In the present work, it is shown that depth selectivity of the techniques like, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and nuclear resonance fluorescence can be greatly enhanced by generating X-ray standing waves inside the multilayer structure. The concentration profiles of various elements can be obtained with a depth resolution of the order of 0.1 nm. Depth dependent information about the local structure around a given atom can be obtained from XAFS under standing wave conditions. It is demonstrated that detection of nuclear resonance fluorescence by tuning the energy of the incident X-rays to a Mössbauer transition can yield depth profile of a particular isotope, and can be used for self-diffusion studies. The techniques of X-ray reflectivity and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy are used to provide useful complementary information.

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“…[7][8][9][10], for example). These techniques, which totally or partially neglect the spin fluctuations, require many approximations in the model to be solved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Properties of Dy/Tb Superlattices: A Monte Carlo Investigation

Verdier

Ledue

2002

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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A Monte Carlo investigation of the thermal variation of Dy/Tb superlattice magnetization in comparison with experiment is carried out. Our model consists of an alternate stacking along the c-axis of hexagonal compact Dy and Tb layers with abrupt interfaces. Each site is occupied by a classical Heisenberg spin with exchange interactions up to the 4th neighbors in Dy layers to reproduce the low temperature helimagnetic phase whereas Tb is ferromagnetic. Planar anisotropy and interaction with an applied field are also taken into account. Our results indicate that the low temperature magnetization per spin strongly decreases as the number of bilayers increases. For an applied field of 1.04 kOe, the maximum around 200 K is quite well reproduced. The visualization of the magnetic structures at different temperatures provides an explanation of the complex thermal variation of the magnetization.Introduction Magnetism of bulk rare earth (RE) exhibits many magnetic phases [1][2][3][4]. In particular, because of frustration, helimagnetic phases can be observed. For example, Dy [5] and Tb that crystallize in the hexagonal compact (hcp) structure exhibit two temperature-driven magnetic transitions: a paramagnetic-helimagnetic transition around 180 K (Dy) and 230 K (Tb) and a helimagnetic-ferromagnetic transition around 90 K (Dy) and 220 K (Tb). In the helimagnetic phase, the moments of the (a, b) planes are parallel (ferromagnetic planes) and the angle between the moments of two adjacent planes, which is called the "turn angle", increases with temperature. Then, RE used in particular structures, such as superlattices, should exhibit very interesting magnetic structures depending on the layer thicknesses. Indeed, a complex thermal variation of the magnetization of Dy/Tb superlattices ( Fig. 1) has been observed [6] and still has to be precisely interpreted.Most of the numerical investigations devoted to realistic magnetic multilayers have been carried out using mean field theories (see Refs. [7-10], for example). These techniques, which totally or partially neglect the spin fluctuations, require many approximations in the model to be solved. Concerning RE/RE systems, thermal variation of the magnetization of Dy/Gd superlattices has been calculated and compared with experimental results [11]. To our knowledge, very few investigations on magnetic multilayers have been performed by numerical simulations [12,13] and none of them are concerned with RE/RE systems. In this paper, we have chosen the Monte Carlo method, which is a powerful technique to simulate complex models. Our aim is to build a model in order to reproduce and explain experimental results on Dy/Tb superlattices. In the following section, we describe the model and the simulation technique. The numerical results compared with the experimental ones are presented in Section 3. Our conclusion and perspectives are given in Section 4.

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Magnetism of rare-earth–transition-metal nanoscale multilayers. II. Theoretical analysis of magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

Nuclear Orientation as a Tool for Investigation of Magnetic Multilayers with Rare Earths

Nuclear Orientation as a Tool for Investigation of Magnetic Multilayers with Rare Earths

Depth Resolved Structural Studies in Multilayers Using X-ray Standing Waves

Magnetic Properties of Dy/Tb Superlattices: A Monte Carlo Investigation

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