Magnetism of materials: theory and practice in magnetic resonance imaging

Gaeta, Michele; Cavallaro, Marco; Vinci, Sergio Lucio; Mormina, Enricomaria; Blandino, Alfredo; Marino, Maria Adele; Granata, Francesca; Tessitore, Agostino; Galletta, Karol; D’Angelo, Tommaso; Visalli, Carmela

doi:10.1186/s13244-021-01125-z

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Dried blood is a serious concern for signal loss and image distortion of MR images ( Gaeta et al, 2021 ). Preventing and stopping bleeding from the brain, tissue, and skull during surgery is imperative regarding animal experimental ethics and good image quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head holder and cranial window design for sequential magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging in awake mice

Mikkelsen

Wied²,

Dashkovskyi³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Medical imaging techniques are widely used in preclinical research as diagnostic tools to detect physiological abnormalities and assess the progression of neurovascular disease in animal models. Despite the wealth of imaging options in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), interpretation of imaging-derived parameters regarding underlying tissue properties is difficult due to technical limitations or lack of parameter specificity. To address the challenge of interpretation, we present an animal preparation protocol to achieve quantitative measures from both MRI and advanced optical techniques, including laser speckle contrast imaging and two-photon microscopy, in murine models. In this manner, non-translatable methods support and improve interpretation of less specific, translatable methods, i.e., MRI. Combining modalities for improved clinical interpretation involves satisfying the requirements of various methods. Furthermore, physiology unperturbed by anesthetics is a prerequisite for the strategy to succeed. Awake animal imaging with restraint provides an alternative to anesthesia and facilitates translatability of cerebral measurements. The method outlines design requirements for the setup and a corresponding reproducible surgical procedure for implanting a 3D printed head holder and cranial window to enable repeated multimodal imaging. We document the development, application, and validation of the method and provide examples confirming the usefulness of the design in acquiring high quality data from multiple modalities for quantification of a wide range of metrics of cerebral physiology in the same animal. The method contributes to preclinical small animal imaging, enabling sequential imaging of previously mutually exclusive techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head holder and cranial window design for sequential magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging in awake mice

Mikkelsen

Wied²,

Dashkovskyi³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Interestingly, higher RN R2* values in welders were associated with higher blood Pb but not Fe levels, as reported previously (Prado-Rico et al 2022). Since Pb 2+ has diamagnetic properties that generate slightly negative magnetic susceptibility (Gaeta et al 2021), RN R2* values may not reflect brain Pb content per se. Instead, higher RN R2* values may reflect higher brain Fe content secondary to Pb exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal microstructural and neurobehavioral differences in welders are related to higher R2* in the red nucleus

Lee

Kim

Prado-Rico

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: Metal exposure has been associated with higher risk of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the potential link between welding-related metal co-exposure (e.g., Fe, Mn, Pb) and AD-related structural and neurobehavioral metrics. Methods: Subjects with (welders; n=42) or without (controls; n=31) a history of welding were examined. Metal exposure was estimated by exposure questionnaires and whole blood metal levels. Brain metal accumulations were estimated by MRI R1 (Mn) and R2* (Fe) in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, red nucleus (RN), and hippocampus. AD-related structural differences were assessed by volume and diffusion tensor imaging metrics in the hippocampus, and neurobehavioral aspects by learning/memory task scores. Results: Compared to controls, welders displayed higher blood metal levels (p values <0.004) and R2* values in the caudate and RN (p values <0.024). Caudate R2* values were associated with blood Fe (p=0.043), whereas RN R2* values were correlated with blood Pb (p=0.003). Welders had higher hippocampal mean diffusivity (MD; p=0.011) and lower Story Recall scores (p=0.049), but no difference in volume or domain-wise learning/memory performance (p values >0.117). Group differences in hippocampal MD and Story Recall scores were greater with higher RN R2* values (p values <0.016). Moreover, RN R2* values reflected an indirect link between blood Pb and hippocampal MD (p=0.036) across both groups. Discussion: Welders had hippocampal structural and learning/memory performance differences similar to those in AD-at-risk populations. These AD-like differences in welders may, in part, be linked to Pb exposure reflected by higher RN R2* levels at the brain level.

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“…MRI relies on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which exploits the magnetic properties of protons or other nuclei in an external magnetic field upon exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves of a specific resonance frequency [ 154 ]. Several types of pulse sequences have been defined to highlight differences in the signals of various soft tissues.…”

Section: Anatomical Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Cancer Pathobiology at a Glance: A Focus on Imaging Techniques and Their Potential for Improved Diagnosis and Surveillance in Clinical Cohorts

Dobre

Surcel

Constantin

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Early diagnosis is essential for completely eradicating skin cancer and maximizing patients’ clinical benefits. Emerging optical imaging modalities such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared (NIR) bioimaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and their combinations provide non-invasive imaging data that may help in the early detection of cutaneous tumors and surgical planning. Hence, they seem appropriate for observing dynamic processes such as blood flow, immune cell activation, and tumor energy metabolism, which may be relevant for disease evolution. This review discusses the latest technological and methodological advances in imaging techniques that may be applied for skin cancer detection and monitoring. In the first instance, we will describe the principle and prospective clinical applications of the most commonly used imaging techniques, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of their implementation in the clinical setting. We will also highlight how imaging techniques may complement the molecular and histological approaches in sharpening the non-invasive skin characterization, laying the ground for more personalized approaches in skin cancer patients.

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Magnetism of materials: theory and practice in magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 26 publications

References 85 publications

Head holder and cranial window design for sequential magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging in awake mice

Head holder and cranial window design for sequential magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging in awake mice

Hippocampal microstructural and neurobehavioral differences in welders are related to higher R2* in the red nucleus

Skin Cancer Pathobiology at a Glance: A Focus on Imaging Techniques and Their Potential for Improved Diagnosis and Surveillance in Clinical Cohorts

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