Magnetically Driven Manipulation of Nonmagnetic Liquid Marbles: Billiards with Liquid Marbles

Azizian, Parnian; Mohammadrashidi, Mahbod; Azimi, Ali Abbas; Bijarchi, Mohamad Ali; Shafii, Mohammad Behshad; Nasiri, Rohollah

doi:10.3390/mi14010049

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This type of manipulation is similar to ‘magnetic billiards’, a concept previously reported in the literature. It involves moving and merging LMs using magnetic forces and offers a novel approach to manipulating these structures in various applications [ 5 , 57 ]. However, as demonstrated in our research, similar magnetic interactions can also occur with non-aqueous and gel-like LMs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Hydrogel-Based Liquid Marbles with Magnetosomes

Bielas,

Kubiak,

Molcan

et al. 2023

Materials

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Liquid marbles are widely known for their potential biomedical applications, especially due to their versatility and ease of preparation. In the present work, we prepared liquid marbles with various cores composed of water, agar-based hydrogels, magnetic fluids, or non-aqueous substances. As a coating material, we used biocompatible particles of plant origin, such as turmeric grains and Lycopodium pollen. Additionally, we provided marbles with magnetic properties by incorporating either magnetosomes or iron oxide nanoparticles as a powder or by injecting another magnetic fluid. Structures obtained in this way were stable and susceptible to manipulation by an external magnetic field. The properties of the magnetic components of our marbles were verified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Our approach to encapsulation of active substances such as antibiotics within a protective hydrogel core opens up new perspectives for the delivery of hydrophobic payloads to the inherently hydrophilic biological environment. Additionally, hydrogel marbles enriched with magnetic materials showed promise as biocompatible heating agents under alternating magnetic fields. A significant innovation of our research was also the fabrication of composite structures in which the gel-like core was surrounded without mixing by a magnetic fluid covered on the outside by the particle shell. Our liquid marbles, especially those with a hydrogel core and magnetic content, due to the ease of preparation and favorable properties, have great potential for biomedical use. The fact that we were able to simultaneously produce, functionalize (by filling with predefined cargo), and manipulate (by means of an external magnetic field) several marbles also seems to be important from an application point of view.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Hydrogel-Based Liquid Marbles with Magnetosomes

Bielas,

Kubiak,

Molcan

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…With the aid of the aforementioned scheme for FLM launching, an FLM can be moved to a position where it is not feasible or cost-effective to place an electromagnet, and there is no longer a demand for a strong electromagnet or an array of coils for long-distance sample transportation. There are still lots of room for researchers to explore the methods for non-magnetic liquid marble launching 68 or real-world applications of liquid marble launching, such as residue removal from the chip and chip cleaning. 69…”

Section: Liquid Marblementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields

2023

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Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment, reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics. This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles (FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward, the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume, coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence, FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion. In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width, launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed.

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“…When a permanent magnet approaches the liquid, the substrate deforms due to a change in the liquid height in the bath, eventually resulting in the marble moving in the intended direction. Azizian et al 50 proposed a new approach, inspired by billiard ball collisions, for liquid marble manipulation by driving an FM to collide with a non-magnetic LM. Mohammadrashidi et al 51 experimentally investigated the dynamic behavior of ferrofluid liquid marbles on a solid substrate under magnetic fields, in which the LM undergoes discontinuous, less-controllable movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%