Magnetically Controlled Drug Release System through Magnetomechanical Actuation

Abstract

A drug release system is developed capable to modulate the drug release kinetics by the application of a magnetic field. Thus, this work reports on the production, characterization, and release kinetics of a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) microporous membrane containing a zeolite (Faujasite) and a magnetic stimuli-sensitive component, magnetostrictive Terfenol-D (TD), for the release of ibuprofen (IBU) as drug model. For membranes containing IBU-loaded zeolites and TD without an applied AC magnetic field, the release kinetics is characterized by a first order release. On the other hand, the application of an AC magnetic field modifies the release profile of the membrane, leading to an increase of the release rate by more than 30%, the magnetically driven release being characterized by a super case-II within the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating a release mainly driven by a swelling or erosion mechanism, induced by the magnetostrictive particles under the applied magnetic field. The increase of the TD w/w from 10% to 20% has as a consequence a decrease in the quantity of IBU released from 79% to 70%; on the contrary, increasing the H intensity from 100 to 200 mT promotes an increase on the percentage of IBU released from 67% to 75%.

Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

“…Those problems and disadvantages can be outdated by the use of controlled drug delivery using MNPs . As a result, the so‐called magnetic “smart” and “stimuli‐responsive” systems are being developed and optimized to deliver medicines at specific sites or at precise times and rates within the body, according to a magnetic stimulus that is externally applied . In this way, magnetically controlled drug delivery is one of the most promising and popular approaches for delivering the medicine to the specified site, meeting two drug delivery milestones: reducing the drugs' side effects by accurately targeting to the desired tissue/organ and the controlled release of the medicine to avoid traditional underdoing cycle/overdosing problems …”

“…In this novel methodology, one of the most promising strategies consists in using magnetic NPs that are stimulated by means of an external magnetic field in polymeric composites . In this context, it was reported that the fabrication, characterization, and study of the release kinetics of IBU on a poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) membrane with inclusions of a zeolite (Faujasite) and magnetostrictive Terfenol‐D particles. It was observed that the applied magnetic field modifies the release kinetics of the polymeric membrane, leading to an increase of the release rate by more than 30%.…”

Fluorinated Polymers as Smart Materials for Advanced Biomedical Applications

“…To the best of our knowledge, few studies report on fluorinated polymers as drug carriers in drug delivery applications. Polymer membranes have been used as passive materials for drug release systems due to their capability to control the surface wettability from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic state, and due to their reversible characteristic to turn to the initial state after the trigger removal [229]. PVDF porous membranes were developed for guided tissue regeneration, by grafting β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto the PVDF surface to form inclusion complexes with a large variety of drugs such as doxycyclin (DOX) and chlorhexidine (CHX) [134].…”

“…Intelligent platforms based on neat and composite PVDF microspheres with magnetostrictive particles can be also used as an interesting approach to test in drug delivery systems [146,231]. Studies reveals that the application of a magnetic field allows to control the drug release kinetics in polymer/magnetostrictive particle composites [229].…”

B2O3-SiO2-Na2O Controlled-release Material: Synthetic Parameters Optimization and Release Mechanisms Exploration

“…无 机 材 料 学 报 第 34 卷 硼酸盐材料具有化学稳定性易调节、熔制温度 较低、水溶性和生物相容性良好等特点, 已引起医 学和材料科学研究人员的广泛关注 [1][2] 。具有控制释 放特性的硼酸盐生物玻璃, 在骨和软组织工程领域 有较高的应用价值 [3] ; 硼酸锌和硼砂具有防治白蚁的 功能 [4] 。硼酸盐材料在缓释、杀虫等方面的应用, 为 其在工业水处理领域的应用提供了新的研究思路。 B 2 O 3 与 SiO 2 、Na 2 O 等物质共熔形成硼酸盐玻 璃, 在水溶液中可缓慢溶出硼活性物质, 其缓释速 率可调, 可制成性能优异的缓释型固体材料 [5][6] 。一 般 B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Na 2 O 体系的硼酸盐缓释材料具有缓 释、抑菌、缓蚀等特点, 在循环冷却水处理领域有 着较大的潜在应用价值 [7][8][9] 。该体系的有效成分是 B 2 O 3 , 在制备过程中, B 2 O 3 易挥发, 会造成原料损 失、炉窑遭侵蚀、炉窑寿命缩短等问题, 使生产成 本升高 [10] 。 目前关于 B 2 O 3 挥发的机理和影响因素虽然已 有探讨, 但这些探讨的体系中, B 2 O 3 的质量百分比 都未超过 20% [10][11][12] , 更高含量的材料体系中 B 2 O 3 挥发机理则尚未见报道。而其缓释特性和机理对缓 释材料的设计和使用有着重要意义 [13] 。目前的研究 多采用数学模型来拟合缓释材料的释放曲线, 以研 究其缓释机理。虽然相关数学模型已有多种, 但均 需根据不同缓释材料选取合适的模型 [14][15] [18] 。 表 2 Korsmeyer-Peppas 模型中圆柱形聚合物 缓释系统中扩散指数 n 值 [18] Table 2 Values of diffusional exponent, n, for polymer matrices with cylinder in Korsmeyer-Peppas model [18] Release exponent, n Cylinder Release mechanism 的振动峰 [27][28][29][30] , 表明 BCRM 的网络结构比较松散, 易溶于水, 具有潜在的缓释性能 [23] 。缓释后, 硼酸 盐网络结构的特征峰消失, 硅酸盐网络结构的特征 峰数量增多, 表明 BCRM 中的硼活性物质均已释放 出来, BCRM 缓释出硼的性能良好。 Fig. 2 (a [32][33] 。40 ℃的条件下, 0.45 < n < 0.89(n 为 0.77), 为 non-Fickian 扩散, BCRM 的缓释 可能是玻璃网络结构扩散和溶胀的结果 [34][35]…”