Magnetically Actuated Manipulation and Its Applications for Cartilage Defects: Characteristics and Advanced Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

For the fact that articular cartilage is a highly organized and avascular tissue, cartilage defects are limited to spontaneously heal, which would subsequently progress to osteoarthritis. Many methods have been developed to enhance the ability for cartilage regeneration, among which magnetically actuated manipulation has attracted interests due to its biocompatibility and non-invasive manipulation. Magnetically actuated manipulation that can be achieved by introducing magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic field. This review summarizes the cutting-edge research on the chondrogenic enhancements via magnetically actuated manipulation, including cell labeling, cell targeting, cell assembly, magnetic seeding and tissue engineering strategies.

High-Density Horizontal Stacking of Chondrocytes via the Synergy of Biocompatible Magnetic Gelatin Nanocarriers and Internal Magnetic Navigation for Enhancing Cartilage Repair

“…Cell therapy, which uses an intra-articular injection to deliver implanted cells into cartilage defects, has been considered as a potential treatment for cartilage regeneration; however, not all injected cells are stably anchored to the surface of the cartilage, thus reducing the effectiveness of cell therapy for cartilage regeneration [ 6 ]. In recent years, several studies have indicated that magnetic targeting delivery technology (MTDT) can be used for cell manipulation using magnetic particles such as SPIONs [ 35 ]. Although several surface coating methods have been used to promote the interaction between SPIONs and cells [ 36 , 37 ], there are still shortcomings with the above coating procedure, such as complicated coating and processing control [ 38 ].…”

Progress and prospects of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review

“…The magnetically actuated cell manipulation (MAM) has been utilized in tissue engineering via four main strategies: (a) guiding cells to the target site via the magnetic targeting technique, (b) magnetic seeding of the cells into the scaffold, (c) magnetic scaffold, (d) magnetic labeling of cells to form the sheet-like structures. 256 The magnetized scaffolds have attracted increased attention due to their unique features. The magnetic field in magnetized scaffolds is known to influence several key parameters in tissue engineering such as providing a significant bioactive interface, 245 the induction of appropriate cellular mechano-and electro-transduction process, 257 improving the cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, [258][259][260] and vascularization.…”

“…In addition, the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of cells could be tuned through the magneto‐mechanical interaction with cells. The magnetically actuated cell manipulation (MAM) has been utilized in tissue engineering via four main strategies: (a) guiding cells to the target site via the magnetic targeting technique, (b) magnetic seeding of the cells into the scaffold, (c) magnetic scaffold, (d) magnetic labeling of cells to form the sheet‐like structures 256 …”

Magnetic triggers in biomedical applications – prospects for contact free cell sensing and guidance

“…In the last decade, the fabrication of scaffolds with magnetic properties has been mostly targeted to musculoskeletal TE, especially for bone tissue, being recently reviewed by Xia and colleagues. 101 Strategies applying magnetic responsive scaffolds combined with magnetic actuation have shown positive outcomes in bone 102,103 tendon, [104][105][106] cardiac, 107 cartilage, 108 and vascular 109 TE. The concept behind relies on the instructive and responsiveness features of the magnetic biomaterial to be implanted.…”