Magnetic water treatment for scale control in heating and alkaline conditions

Kozic, V.; Hamler, Anton; Ban, Irena; Lipus, Lucija C.

doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.1549

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A self-constructed magnetic device (presented in Fig. 4b) yielded some changes in scale thickness formed the high-temperature heating condition [5,35], but it proved to be more efficient in various field heat-exchangers in which water was heated maximally to 60 °C. Two cases are reported here.…”

Section: Field Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent magnets for water-scale prevention

Lipus¹,

Hamler²,

Ban³

et al. 2015

Adv produc engineer manag

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Anti-scale magnetic treatment (AMT) is discussed with the emphasis on the construction of magnetic devices and the mechanism of AMT influence on scale formation. Two field cases are reported of mineral-fouling reduction during water heating by using permanent magnets. Instead of hard encrustation on the heated surfaces a powdery deposit was formed because of modified crystal morphology (observed by X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning-electron microscopy). In order to find a proper design for magnets regarding the influencing parameters (a magnetic-field distribution with alternating lines orthogonal to the water-flow and minimal density peaks 0.2 T), cost-effective for actual water-flow capacities, several models with NdFeB magnets were simulated by the finite-element method using the OPERA 15R1 computational program. Two optimized models are presented for moderate capacities: a model with a rectangular gap (a two-row set of rectangular magnets) for capacities from 0.5 m 3 /h to 3 m 3 /h, and a model with annular gap (annular magnets on a pipe and disk magnets within a cylindrical kernel) for 3.5 m 3 /h to 5.5 m 3 /h.

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Section: Field Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent magnets for water-scale prevention

Lipus¹,

Hamler²,

Ban³

et al. 2015

Adv produc engineer manag

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show abstract

“…Ghernaout et al [15] studied the application of electrocoagulation for the removal of organic and inorganic matter by electroflotation. The application of magnetic treatment of water to control scaling in tubes and boilers has been reported in the literature by many authors [16,17].…”

Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermodynamically, the mixing of meta-stable supersaturated seawater and calcite particles over the temperature range 50-70˚C will result in PS (mainly as calcium carbonate) on the surface of calcite particles [16]. The seawater has the potential to deposit calcium carbonate only when the value of supersaturation is greater than one and the higher the supersaturation, the stronger the potential of seawater to deposit the calcium carbonate.…”

Section: (A) (B) and (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of pellet softening (PS) as a scale prevention method in seawater desalination plants

Al‐Ghamdi

Omar

2013

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TThis research investigates the potential of pellet softening (PS) on calcite particles as a control method to avoid scaling of calcium carbonate from seawater in desalination. Experimental studies were conducted in a 5 L agitated vessel under controlled temperature and agitation. The measured transient calcium ion concentration, salinity, pH, and total alkalinity of seawater during mixing with calcite particles show that the Ryznar Stability index (RSI) increased from 4.3 to 5.7, which means that the status of seawater changed from "high scaling potential "to "low scaling potential" after being subjected to PS process at 70˚C. The supersaturation of seawater with respect to calcite is reduced from 33.5 to 5.27. The results demonstrate that PS is a feasible and effective pretreatment strategy for thermal and membrane seawater desalination facilities.

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“…Physical methods can be possible alternatives to the chemicals in order to decrease clogging rate of emitters. Magnetic water treatment can be an alternative to control scale [10]. The magnetic methods are attractive due to their ecological purity, safety, and simplicity [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of CaCO₃clogging in emitters with magnetized saline waters

Şahin

Tunç

Eroğlu

2012

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R AC THigh water application uniformity is essential for an effective irrigation. Clogging of emitters in drip irrigation systems is one of the most important factors decreasing uniformity. In this study, the possible effect of magnetization of water on chemical clogging of dripline emitters was investigated. Separate experiments were conducted with three different saline waters (W-1: 0.314 dS m −1 , W-2: 0.665 dS m −1 , W-3: 0.937 dS m −1 ) having a high pH and a positive Langelier saturation index (LSI). Discharge rates, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH's of discharge water from emitters in driplines were measured. Uniformity of driplines was evaluated by using the statistical uniformity coeffi cient (U c ) and the emission uniformity coeffi cient (E u ). The pH and EC values of discharge water from emitters in driplines were found to be slightly lower when operated with magnetized water. However, discharge rates under non-magnetized water were lower than those of magnetized water. Magnetic effect was observed to be decreased as the water salinity increased. The U c and the E u values indicated that when the medium saline water was magnetized before its release into the system, a better uniformity due to a lower emitter clogging rate can be achieved. When higher saline water was magnetized, lower U c and the E u values were observed.

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Magnetic water treatment for scale control in heating and alkaline conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Permanent magnets for water-scale prevention

Permanent magnets for water-scale prevention

Application of pellet softening (PS) as a scale prevention method in seawater desalination plants

Evaluation of CaCO₃clogging in emitters with magnetized saline waters

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Magnetic water treatment for scale control in heating and alkaline conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Permanent magnets for water-scale prevention

Permanent magnets for water-scale prevention

Application of pellet softening (PS) as a scale prevention method in seawater desalination plants

Evaluation of CaCO3clogging in emitters with magnetized saline waters

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Evaluation of CaCO₃clogging in emitters with magnetized saline waters