Magnetic transcranial stimulation at intensities below active motor threshold activates intracortical inhibitory circuits

Lazzaro, Vincenzo Di; Restuccia, Domenico; Oliviero, Antonio; Profice, Paolo; Ferrara, L; Insola, Angelo; Mazzone, Paolo; Tonali, P.; Rothwell, John C.

doi:10.1007/s002210050341

Cited by 561 publications

(408 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Reductions in the magnitude of SICI during isometric muscle activation have been well documented [21][22][23][24]38], and suggested to reflect modulation of GABAA inhibition that is likely to be cortical in origin [39,40]. However, the current study is the first to investigate if SICI within contralateral M1 is also modulated during movement when lifting and lowering a constant load.…”

Section: Sici Is Reduced During Movement In Young and Old Adultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Intracortical Inhibition Assessed with Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is Modulated during Shortening and Lengthening Contractions in Young and Old Adults

Opie

Semmler

2016

Brain Stimulation

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In all cases accepted manuscripts should: link to the formal publication via its DOI  bear a CC-BY-NC-ND license -this is easy to do, click here to find out how  if aggregated with other manuscripts, for example in a repository or other site, be shared in alignment with our hosting policy  not be added to or enhanced in any way to appear more like, or to substitute for, the published journal article Embargo 1935-861X Brain Stimulation 129 May 2017 Age-and movement-related changes in intracortical inhibitionPage 2 AbstractBackground: The modulation of intracortical inhibition is thought to be impaired in older

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Section: Sici Is Reduced During Movement In Young and Old Adultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Intracortical Inhibition Assessed with Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is Modulated during Shortening and Lengthening Contractions in Young and Old Adults

Opie

Semmler

2016

Brain Stimulation

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“…This can then be seen as a reduction in the ongoing EMG activity. The notion that this is a strictly cortical effect is supported by findings reporting the absence of any descending volleys measured with high cervical epidural electrodes in conscious humans (Di Lazzaro et al 1998).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Feedback Influences Neural Controlmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The differential control in force and position tasks was evidenced by interpretation specific suppression in response to subthreshold TMS. The general idea underlying TMS at stimulation intensities below the threshold to evoke a motor response (i.e., MEP) is to activate low-threshold intracortical inhibitory interneurons which then act via their synaptic input on the excitability of corticospinal cells reducing the cortical drive present during voluntary movements (Di Lazzaro et al 1998;Petersen et al 2010). This can then be seen as a reduction in the ongoing EMG activity.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Feedback Influences Neural Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific interpretation of augmented feedback changes motor performance and cortical processing

et al. 2013

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“…For example, transcranial electrical stimulation, thought to activate the axons of the corticospinal neurons directly, does not suppress ongoing EMG (Petersen et al, 2001). Moreover, subTMS produces no recognizable descending volleys measured with high cervical, epidural electrodes (Di Lazzaro et al, 1998). Together these studies suggest that subTMS only activates motor cortical neurons with minimal or no influences from segmental circuits on the TMSinduced EMG suppression.…”

Section: Cortical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The subTMS method was first described by Davey et al (1994), and subsequent experiments using a variety of techniques supported the idea that the TMS-induced EMG suppression originates from activation of intracortical inhibitory circuits, reducing motor cortical output (Davey et al, 1994;Petersen et al, 2001;Di Lazzaro et al, 1998;Classen and Benecke, 1995). For example, transcranial electrical stimulation, thought to activate the axons of the corticospinal neurons directly, does not suppress ongoing EMG (Petersen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Cortical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural challenge affects motor cortical activity in young and old adults

Papegaaij

Taube

Keeken

et al. 2016

Experimental Gerontology

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When humans voluntarily activate a muscle, intracortical inhibition decreases. Such a decrease also occurs in the presence of a postural challenge and more so with increasing age. Here, we examined age-related changes in motor cortical activity during postural and non-postural contractions with varying levels of postural challenge. Fourteen young (age 22) and twelve old adults (age 70) performed three conditions: (1) voluntary contraction of the soleus muscle in sitting and (2) leaning forward while standing with and (3) without being supported. Subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to the soleus motor area suppressing ongoing EMG, as an index of motor cortical activity. The area of EMG suppression was~60% smaller (p b 0.05) in unsupported vs. supported leaning and sitting, with no difference between these latter two conditions (p N 0.05). Even though in absolute terms young compared with old adults leaned farther (p = 0.018), there was no age effect or an age by condition interaction in EMG suppression. Leaning closer to the maximum without support correlated with less EMG suppression (rho = −0.44, p = 0.034). We conclude that the critical factor in modulating motor cortical activity was postural challenge and not contraction aim or posture. Age did not affect the motor control strategy as quantified by the modulation of motor cortical activity, but the modulation appeared at a lower task difficulty with increasing age.

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Magnetic transcranial stimulation at intensities below active motor threshold activates intracortical inhibitory circuits

Cited by 561 publications

References 5 publications

Intracortical Inhibition Assessed with Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is Modulated during Shortening and Lengthening Contractions in Young and Old Adults

Intracortical Inhibition Assessed with Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is Modulated during Shortening and Lengthening Contractions in Young and Old Adults

Specific interpretation of augmented feedback changes motor performance and cortical processing

Postural challenge affects motor cortical activity in young and old adults

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