The eLib Studies series covers a wide range of topics, each title providing pertinent research into ways IT can be used to improve delivery of information through implementation of electronic library services. For a full list of titles please contact the Library Information Technology Centre.
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Executive summaryThe brief for this project is outlined in Appendix 1. The study examines the approaches to accessing digital materials where the media has become damaged (through disaster or age) or where the hardware or software is either no longer available or unknown. The study begins by looking at the problems associated with media.Planning for disaster recovery situations is commonplace in many organisations from businesses to higher education (e.g. much less attention has been paid to data recovery. The assumption is that with good disaster planning data recovery will be, under most circumstances, unnecessary. The problem is that while attention has been paid to disaster planning and the identification of good recovery procedures the effectiveness of these tend to depend upon pre-disaster effort. This effort often never takes place. Backing up and off-site storage of backup media are good examples of activities, which although paid lip service are often not carried out rigorously. Of the 350 companies unexpectedly relocated by the World Trade Centre (NYC) bombing 150 ceased trading, many because they lost access to key business records held in electronic form (McAteer 1996, 100). More generally '43 per cent of companies which lose their data close down' ('When…' 1996, 31). The National Security Association (Washington DC) estimated that the 'cost of rebuilding just 20 megabytes of data in a US engineering firm is $ 64,400' (ibid.,). Of course even if it is possible to recreate the data it is often not possible to do it in a timely enough fashion. Less attention has been paid on the other hand to data recovery. The demand for data recovery has however promoted the development of commercial data recovery companies that specialise in addressing the post-crisis situation. Even in the technical literature there is little discussion of data recovery techniques and this is fast becoming a black box area in which the great bulk of the techniques are developed and understood only in commercially sensitive organisations.Because of the way magnetic media are written it is very difficult to lose everything. With sufficient resources much material that most of us would expect to be lost can be recovered. Using for example a magnetic force microscope it is possible literally to read the magnetic tracks on media such as disks (Rugar, et al 1990; Saenz 1987). It might be possible to use optical image recognition technologies to recapture these digital sequences. While in its current state of development this would be an impractical way to recover data itself it does tell us much about how this material is actually recorded on the surface of media from tapes to disks and indicate future directions in data recovery.The ...