Magnetic studies of spin wave excitations in Co/Pt multilayers

Exchange interactions in Fe/Y multilayers

“…Experimentally, a drastic change of the magnetic behavior is found for films thinner than a critical thickness which varies from author to author [1][2][3][4][5]. The basic problem is whether these observations describe intrinsic properties of two-dimensional ferromagnets or are mainly produced by structural imperfections (contamination, diffusion, island growth).…”

Spin-wave excitations and magnetism of sputtered Fe/Au multilayers

“…Magnetic multilayers exhibit interesting properties, such as giant magnetoresistance, interlayer exchange coupling and enhancement of magnetic moment of ferromagnetic atoms [2][3][4]. The period, number of layers and the relative thicknesses of layers affect significantly the multilayer properties, which are in turn sensitive to the microstructure [5][6][7]. The properties of multilayers are mostly governed by the surface state and hence, the interface plays a key role.…”

“…However, for two-dimensional ferromagnets, simulations within the framework of spin-wave theory do not usually predict a T 3/2 law for the M(T) curve. In contrast, empirical data have verified the validity of Bloch's law for ultrathin ferromagnetic films in many cases [7]. A possible explanation for this unexpected fact was explained by Mathon and Ahmed [9] who predicted an 'effective T 3/2 law' to be applicable in a certain temperature range for two-dimensional systems.…”

Low temperature magnetization behavior in Co36Fe36Si3Al1Nb4B20 (at%) nanostructured alloy

“…According to Bloch, the elementary excitation of a spin system has a wave-like form and is called a spin wave. In general, it has been found that at long wavelengths many such glasses exhibit welldefined spin wave excitations with a normal ferromagnetic dispersion relation [4] ' oðqÞ ¼ DþDq 2 þ Eq 4 þ . .…”