Magnetic structure of monolayer-range Cr films deposited on Fe(001)

Xu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Johnson, P. D.; Itchkawitz, B. S.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.52.15393

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Fe/Cr interface also is known from prior spectroscopy 12 , 13 , scanning tunneling microscopy 14 , 15 , x-ray diffraction 15 , and theoretical modeling 16,17,18 studies to involve a variable degree of intermixing, depending on exactly how it is grown. It has also been shown from MCD studies in x-ray absorption and photoelectron emission that Cr, which is normally antiferromagnetic, becomes ferromagnetically ordered to some degree near the interface, but anti-parallel to the Fe magnetization, and from this and other work that the Cr magnetic moment may be significantly increased, at least near free surfaces as an overlayer 12,13,19 . Also, the degree of ferromagnetic order of Fe, or perhaps its local atomic magnetic moment, is thought to be reduced near the interface 19 .…”

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confidence: 63%

“…It is thus a prototype system for this effect, even though it is not used in actual commercial devices, and its properties have been extensively studied [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . The Fe/Cr interface also is known from prior spectroscopy 12 , 13 , scanning tunneling microscopy 14 , 15 , x-ray diffraction 15 , and theoretical modeling 16,17,18 studies to involve a variable degree of intermixing, depending on exactly how it is grown.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Also, the degree of ferromagnetic order of Fe, or perhaps its local atomic magnetic moment, is thought to be reduced near the interface 19 . However, much prior work has involved very thin films 12,13,17,19 , starting with a single or partial monolayer of Cr and growing upward from there; thus, it is still not clear as to what occurs at a truly buried interface. Our goal here is to directly probe this interface with core-level photoelectron spectroscopy as excited by a standing wave, and to make use of both Fe and Cr core spectra, as well as magnetic circular dichroism in them, to more quantitatively study the interface compositional mixing/roughness, the individual magnetic moments on both Fe and Cr through the interface, and the type and spatial distribution of magnetic order in both constituents through the interface.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Probing buried interfaces with soft x-ray standing wave spectroscopy: application to the Fe/Cr interface

Yang

Mun

Mannella

et al. 2002

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Many current technological devices consist of layered or sandwich structures, the thickness of whose composite layers is either already in the nanometer (10 Å) range or in the process of shrinking into the nanometer range. These devices include transistors in integrated circuits, solid-state lasers, and magnetic elements for storing information and for reading it out. Such interfaces may exhibit intermixing of the components on either side and/or roughness, as well as altered chemical states or states of magnetic order, and their exact nature can affect ultimate properties such as electrical conductivity or magnetic stability in a profound way. As one example of such nanostructures in magnetism, the phenomenon of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is based on the change in resistance in a sandwich structure consisting of alternating non-magnetic and magnetic layers upon being exposed to an external magnetic field 1,2 . GMR is today used routinely in the read heads for highest density information storage, where it is usually combined with another interface-driven effect, exchange Some of these questions can be answered at least partially using currently available methods, and we briefly mention a few of these. One powerful method is scanning transmission electron 2 microscopy (STEM) with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 5 , but this technique requires specialized sample slicing and thinning and thus cannot be considered non-destructive, and in its most sophisticated element-specific form with EELS still cannot provide both element specificity and magnetic sensitivity at the sub-nanometer scale. . Hard x-rays in the 5-10 keV can be reflected from buried interfaces and planar multilayer nanostructures so as to set up standing waves that may permit depth-dependent composition, structure, and, via variable light polarization or magnetization direction, also magnetism near buried interfaces to be derived 6,7 . But these hard x-ray measurements are limited as to both energy resolution and spectroscopic characterization, and also may due to their shorter wavelengths (∼1-2 Å) exhibit interference structures from atomic lattice planes that can be much smaller than the nanometer scale it is desired to probe. Another method uses total reflection of soft xrays in the 0.5-1.5 keV range from a buried interface by tuning the photon energy to a core-level absorption edge 8 , and this can determine both chemical and magnetic roughness by working with both right and left circularly polarized radiation (RCP and LCP, respectively) and/or flipping the sample magnetization between two orientations 1 and 2 and measuring a magnetic asymmetry in diffuseHowever, this method does not permit detailed spectroscopic studies (e.g. via photoelectron emission) of the buried interface. Finally, soft x-ray spectromicroscopy using secondary electrons as the detecting medium can achieve some sensitivity to buried interfaces, provided that there are sufficient chemical fingerprints in the x-ray absorption signal to deconvolve the interface contrib...

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confidence: 63%

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confidence: 99%

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Probing buried interfaces with soft x-ray standing wave spectroscopy: application to the Fe/Cr interface

Yang

Mun

Mannella

et al. 2002

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…17 Intermixing is expected to produce a Cr enriched interfacial region 8 AF coupled with the substrate, while surface roughening produces a reduced magnetization signal. A monotonic decay of the polarization signal was indeed observed in a number of past photoemission studies on the Cr/Fe(001) system, 30,31 and only very faint oscillations were detected in those cases where Fe-Cr intermixing was likely quenched. 32 In the present case, the clear onset of AF oscillations starting from the very interface (Figure 2) strongly supports an almost ideal layer-by-layer growth of the first Cr layers, enabled by the presence of oxygen.…”

Section: Experimental and Computational Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…close to the calculated one, was measured by in-situ magnetometry at 1 ML Cr coverage on Fe(001). 36 Indirect estimates by photoemission 30,31 and XMCD 37,38 resulted in a range of magnetic moments which are smaller than the calculated ones, but nevertheless larger (up to a value of about 1.8 ) than the bulk Cr magnetic moment. In line with previous results, we obtained with XMCD a maximum value of 1.7 for the Cr/Fe(001)-p(1×1)O system.…”

Section: Cr/fe ML Cr-p(1×1)o/fe Ml Cr-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetism in thin Cr films grown on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O: a spin-resolved investigation of single and multi-layers

et al. 2015

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We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the magnetic behavior of ultra-thin Cr films grown on oxygen-passivated Fe(001)-p(1×1)O substrates. In all cases, oxygen floats on the metal/vacuum interface, where a monolayer-range oxide with peculiar electronic and structural characteristics is formed. Significant differences with previous experimental realizations of the Cr/Fe(001) heterostructure are thus introduced by the presence of oxygen. However, we show here that the magnetic behavior of our system is characterized by the same AF stacking at the Cr-Fe interface and by a layer-wise AF order in the Cr layer. In addition, we are able to circumvent the issue of chemical mixing at the Cr-Fe interface, characteristic of standard preparations.

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Exchange bias and uncompensated spins in a Fe/Cr(100) bilayer

Kim

Hwang

Park

et al. 2007

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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PACS 71.70 Gm, 74.25 Ha, 75.50 Ee, 75.70.Cn We have investigated the effect of the field cooling on the exchange bias and the coercivity in an exchange-biased Fe/Cr(100) bilayer using SQUID magnetometer. After the field cooling, magnetization shifted upwards, indicative of surplus magnetic moments, which could be interpreted as an evidence of pinned and uncompensated Cr magnetic moments induced by the cooling field. Interestingly enough, we also discovered that not all the pinned and uncompensated spins seem to be involved in producing the exchange bias, although they contribute to increasing the coercivity and inducing the surplus magnetization.

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Magnetic structure of monolayer-range Cr films deposited on Fe(001)

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Probing buried interfaces with soft x-ray standing wave spectroscopy: application to the Fe/Cr interface

Probing buried interfaces with soft x-ray standing wave spectroscopy: application to the Fe/Cr interface

Magnetism in thin Cr films grown on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O: a spin-resolved investigation of single and multi-layers

Exchange bias and uncompensated spins in a Fe/Cr(100) bilayer

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