Magnetic storm injection of 0.9‐ to 16‐keV/e solar and terrestrial ions into the high‐altitude magnetosphere

Balsiger, H.; Eberhardt, P.; Geiss, J.; Young, D. T.

doi:10.1029/ja085ia04p01645

Cited by 150 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Measurements by mass/charge-discriminating energetic plasma instruments on board several spacecraft in the late 1970s (e.g., Balsiger et al, 1980) and the 1980s (e.g., Gloeckler and Hamilton, 1987) confirmed the early observations of O+ ions by Shelley et al (1972). Observations from both equatorial and polar orbiting spacecraft (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Auroral Ionospheric Ion Feeding of the Inner Plasma Sheet during Substorms

Daglis

Axford²,

Livi³

et al. 1996

J. geomagn. geoelec

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During the last decade, satellite observations in the nightside magnetosphere have confirmed the presence of energetic (>20 keV) ionospheric-origin ions in the near-Earth magnetotail. Observations also imply that the feeding of the equatorial magnetosphere with ions from the high-latitude ionosphere can be very fast and intense at times. In the present paper we use observations from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) to investigate the characteristics of ion energy density variations. Multispecies studies of the energy density give important clues on the coupling of the different plasma sources and their participation in the substorm energization. The measurements, coming from the Magnetospheric Ion Composition Spectrometer (MICS), confirm previous results obtained from the AMPTE/CCE-CHEM spectrometer, with regard to the timing of the high-latitude ionosphere response to the equatorial magnetosphere disturbances. The energy density profile of the ionospheric-origin 0+ follows the intensity enhancements of the westward electrojet very closely in time, exhibiting a continuing increase, contrary to the behaviour of the other major ion species H+ and He++. This feature, which is consistent with statistical studies of AMPTE/CCE observations, points towards a fast activation of an extraction/acceleration mechanism which feeds the inner plasma sheet with ions of ionospheric origin during the substorm expansion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Auroral Ionospheric Ion Feeding of the Inner Plasma Sheet during Substorms

Daglis

Axford²,

Livi³

et al. 1996

J. geomagn. geoelec

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“…). This is a challenging result, since the trajectories that these ions follow when they are injected inward from their source in the near-tail plasma sheet are very different, because of the property of the magnetosphere to behave as a giant ion mass spectrometer [e.g., Balsiger et al, 1980;Fu et al, 2002], and the response of these ion populations to the energization mechanisms varies with their mass to charge ratio [e.g., Delcourt and Sauvaud, 1994]. Modeling efforts of nose-like structure formation, until now limited mainly to H + , should in the future be able to reproduce their multispecies character.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic ion dynamics of the inner magnetosphere revealed in coordinated Cluster‐Double Star observations

Dandouras

Cao²,

Vallat

2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Since early 2004 the Chinese spacecraft Tan Ce 1 (TC-1), first component of the Double Star (DSP) mission, has been on an equatorial elliptical orbit (13.4 R E apogee), allowing the study of the dynamics of the Earth's magnetosphere in conjunction with the four European Cluster spacecraft (19.6 R E apogee). The Cluster and Double Star spacecraft orbits are such that the spacecraft are almost in the same meridian, allowing conjugate studies. The four Cluster spacecraft highly eccentric polar orbit at 4 R E perigee permits them to sample the ring current, the radiation belts, and the outer plasmasphere from south to north, almost following the same magnetic flux tube (latitudinal profile), whereas TC-1, with its very low-perigee equatorial orbit, gives the plasma profile across L shells. Coordinated ion measurements provided by the Cluster Ion Spectrometry and Hot Ion Analyzer instruments onboard Cluster and TC-1, respectively, obtained during quiet conditions, disturbed geomagnetic conditions, and an intense storm, are used to analyze crossings of the plasmasphere and the ring current region. Multiple narrow ion energy bands (''nose-like'' structures) are simultaneously observed by both Cluster and TC-1. These observations reveal the large-scale character of these structures and pose a challenge for the simulation and modeling of the inner magnetosphere populations.

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“…The observed E-to-B ratio agrees to the the Alfvén speed with 15% oxygen ions (in the number density), and this content is typical during storm times (cf. Balsiger et al, 1980). Therefore, the large-amplitude electromagnetic fluctuation around ∼09:09:30 UT can be explained by Alfvén wave.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Fields At Themis-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distributions of electromagnetic field variations and injection regions during the 20 November 2007 sawtooth event

et al. 2009

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Abstract. We report multi-spacecraft and ground-based observations of a "sawtooth" event on 20 November 2007. For this event, data from three THEMIS, two GOES, and four LANL spacecraft are available as well as those from extensively distributed ground magnetometers and all-sky imagers. In the present paper we focus on the spatial extents of the electromagnetic and particle signatures of the first "tooth". In this event, auroral images and ground magnetic bays showed two activations: a pseudo onset and a major onset (we use the term pseudo onset since the former auroral brightening did not significantly expand poleward). Ground magnetic bay observations indicate that the substorm current wedge (SCW) developed after the major onset in an azimuthally wide region of ∼14-3 h MLT. Similarly, broad magnetic bay distribution was observed also for the pseudo onset prior to the major onset. Furthermore, around the pseudo onset, magnetic dipolarisations were observed from 0.5 to 5 h MLT. These observations illustrate that, during sawtooth events, activities following not only the major onset but also the pseudo onset can extend more widely than those during usual substorms. Remarkable electromagnetic field fluctuations embedded in the dipolarisation trend were seen at 0.5 and 2.5 h MLT. In particular, comprehensive plasma and field data from THEMIS showed the presence of a long-excited weak magnetosonic wave and an impulsive large-amplitude Alfvén wave with an earthward Poynting flux at around the eastward edge of the SCW; the latter was sufficiently strong for powering aurora (140 mW/m 2 Correspondence to: S. Kasahara (kshr@stp.isas.jaxa.jp) when mapped to the ionosphere). These two activations of the electromagnetic wave were identified, corresponding to the pseudo onset and the major onset. On the other hand, the dipolarisation at geosynchronous 0 h MLT was observed only after the major onset, despite its closer location to the centre of the auroral activity in terms of the MLT; this indicates that the inner radial limit of the dipolarisation region at the pseudo onset was tailward of geosynchronous altitude at 0 h MLT. The outer radial limit of the electron injection region was also found at ∼10 R E by conjunction measurements with THEMIS satellites. These radial distributions are not significantly different to those expected for usual substorms.

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Magnetic storm injection of 0.9‐ to 16‐keV/e solar and terrestrial ions into the high‐altitude magnetosphere

Cited by 150 publications

References 32 publications

Auroral Ionospheric Ion Feeding of the Inner Plasma Sheet during Substorms

Auroral Ionospheric Ion Feeding of the Inner Plasma Sheet during Substorms

Energetic ion dynamics of the inner magnetosphere revealed in coordinated Cluster‐Double Star observations

Spatial distributions of electromagnetic field variations and injection regions during the 20 November 2007 sawtooth event

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