Magnetic Stimulation Allows Focal Activation of the Mouse Cochlea

Abstract

Cochlear implants (CIs) strive to restore hearing to those with severe to profound hearing loss by artificially stimulating the auditory nerve. While most CI users can understand speech in a quiet environment, hearing that utilizes complex neural coding (e.g., appreciating music) has proved elusive, probably because of the inability of CIs to create narrow regions of spectral activation. Several novel approaches have recently shown promise for improving spatial selectivity, but substantial design differences from conventional CIs will necessitate much additional safety testing before clinical viability is established. Outside the cochlea, magnetic stimulation from small coils (micro-coils) has been shown to confine activation more narrowly than that from conventional micro-electrodes, raising the possibility that coil-based stimulation of the cochlea could improve the spectral resolution of CIs. To explore this, we delivered magnetic stimulation from micro-coils to multiple locations of the cochlea and measured the spread of activation utilizing a multi-electrode array inserted into the inferior colliculus; responses to magnetic stimulation were compared to analogous experiments with conventional micro-electrodes as well as to the responses to auditory monotones. Encouragingly, the extent of activation with micro-coils was ~60% narrower than that from electric stimulation and largely similar to the spread arising from acoustic stimulation. The dynamic range of coils was more than three times larger than that of electrodes, further supporting a smaller spread of activation. While much additional testing is required, these results support the notion that coil-based CIs can produce a larger number of independent spectral channels and may therefore improve functional performance. Further, because coil-based devices are structurally similar to existing CIs, fewer impediments to clinical translational are likely to arise.

Improving focality and consistency in micromagnetic stimulation

“…Researchers have estimated the induced electric field distribution around the single coil (Bonmassar et al, 2012;Osanai et al, 2018;Ye et al, 2020) and multi-coil systems (Minusa et al, 2019). However, when the strength of the field induced by the micro-coil is small, the coil can still produce a spatial gradient that can activate the neuron (Lee et al, 2022). This field gradient, or activating function, is directly related to the site of neural activation (Rattay, 1986;Lee and Fried, 2017).…”