Magnetic resonance volumetry of the hippocampus in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Mizoguchi, Shunta; Hasegawa, Daisuke; Kuwabara, Takayuki; Hamamoto, Yüji; Ogawa, Fukie; Fujiwara, Aki; Matsuki, Naoaki; Fujita, Michio

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.009

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On scalp and deep EEG with video monitoring, FSECs show interictal discharges in the temporal region, and spontaneous clinical and subclinical seizures originating from the unilateral amygdala, hippocampus or both (Fig ) . Furthermore, unilateral hippocampal atrophy without changes in signal intensity was observed on conventional and volumetric MRI (Fig ) . All cats with FSECs show their first spontaneous seizure within 2 years of birth, but seizure frequency varies among individuals.…”

Section: Familial Epilepsy In Cats May Be Associated With Lgi Dysfuncmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…68 Furthermore, unilateral hippocampal atrophy without changes in signal intensity was observed on conventional and volumetric MRI (Fig 3). 69 All cats with FSECs show their first spontaneous seizure within 2 years of birth, but seizure frequency varies among individuals. Therefore, FSEC is a true and natural genetic model of temporal lobe epilepsy, especially FMTLE as mentioned above.…”

Section: Familial Epilepsy In Cats May Be Associated With Lgi Dysfuncmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LGI Proteins and Epilepsy in Human and Animals

Pákozdy

Patzl

Zimmermann

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated (LGI) protein was first thought to have a suppressor effect in the formation of some cancers. Developments in physiology and medicine made it possible to characterize the function of the LGI protein family and its crucial role in different conditions more precisely. These proteins play an important role in synaptic transmission, and dysfunction may cause hyperexcitability. Genetic mutation of LGI1was confirmed to be the cause of autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy in humans. The LGI2 mutation was identified in benign familial juvenile epilepsy in Lagotto Romagnolo (LR) dogs. Cats with familial spontaneous temporal lobe epilepsy have been reported, and the etiology might be associated with LGI protein family dysfunction. In addition, an autoimmune reaction against LGI1 was detected in humans and cats with limbic encephalitis. These advances prompted a review of LGI protein function and its role in different seizure disorders.

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Section: Familial Epilepsy In Cats May Be Associated With Lgi Dysfuncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Familial Epilepsy In Cats May Be Associated With Lgi Dysfuncmentioning

confidence: 99%

LGI Proteins and Epilepsy in Human and Animals

Pákozdy

Patzl

Zimmermann

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…However MRI may enable the detection of lesions that may be associated with drug-resistance such as hippocampal sclerosis [ 5 ]. High resolution imaging of the hippocampus is therefore paramount in humans but the value of this remains undetermined in animals [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 ). Hippocampal atrophy has been demonstrated in rodent models [ 29 ] and in familial spontaneous epileptic cats where EEG features suggested TLE [ 16 ]. Reduced volume of the hippocampus / hippocampal atrophy has been demonstrated in epileptic dogs [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for a veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol

et al. 2015

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Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases in veterinary practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as an important diagnostic test to reach the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. However, given that the diagnosis requires the exclusion of other differentials for seizures, the parameters for MRI examination should allow the detection of subtle lesions which may not be obvious with existing techniques. In addition, there are several differentials for idiopathic epilepsy in humans, for example some focal cortical dysplasias, which may only apparent with special sequences, imaging planes and/or particular techniques used in performing the MRI scan. As a result, there is a need to standardize MRI examination in veterinary patients with techniques that reliably diagnose subtle lesions, identify post-seizure changes, and which will allow for future identification of underlying causes of seizures not yet apparent in the veterinary literature.There is a need for a standardized veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol which will facilitate more detailed examination of areas susceptible to generating and perpetuating seizures, is cost efficient, simple to perform and can be adapted for both low and high field scanners. Standardisation of imaging will improve clinical communication and uniformity of case definition between research studies. A 6–7 sequence epilepsy-specific MRI protocol for veterinary patients is proposed and further advanced MR and functional imaging is reviewed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0466-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…There are several works studying hippocampal changes particularly using quantitative MR methods, such as hippocampal volumetry in epileptic companion animals, supporting the importance and role of the hippocampal formation in feline (Fatzer et al, 2000;Brini et al, 2004;Schmied et al, 2008;Mizoguchi et al, 2014) and canine epilepsy (Vullo et al, 1996;Kuwabara et al, 2010;Milne et al, 2013). These studies described the qualitative MR findings of hippocampal abnormalities (sclerosis, atrophy and necrosis) in dogs and cats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel approach to magnetic resonance imaging of epileptic dogs — T2 relaxometry of the brain with emphasised hippocampus

Lőrincz

Ansón

Csébi

et al. 2017

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common imaging finding of intractable human epilepsy, and it may play an important role in canine and feline epileptogenesis and seizure semiology, too. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria of hippocampal sclerosis are T2 hyperintensity, shrinkage and loss of internal structure. The detection of these changes is often challenging by subjective visual assessment of qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) images. The recognition is more reliable with quantitative MR methods, such as T2 relaxometry. In the present prospective study including 31 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and 15 control dogs showing no seizure activity, we compared the T2 relaxation times of different brain areas. Furthermore, we studied correlations between the hippocampal T2 values and age, gender and skull formation. We found higher hippocampal T2 values in the epileptic group than in the control; however, these findings were not statistically significant. No correlations were found with age, gender or skull formation. In the individual analysis six epileptic dogs presented higher hippocampal T2 relaxation times than the cut-off value. Two of these dogs were also evaluated as abnormal in the visual assessment. Individual analysis of hippocampal T2 relaxation times may be a helpful method to understand hippocampal involvement in canine epilepsy. Key words: Canine, epilepsy, hippocampus, MRI, T2 relaxometryThe hippocampus, located in the medial temporal lobe of the forebrain belonging to the limbic system, plays an important role in human epilepsy. On one * Corresponding author; E-mail: Borbala.Loerincz@vetmeduni.ac.at; Phone: 0043 (664) 60257-6460; Fax: 0043 (1) This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Magnetic resonance volumetry of the hippocampus in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

LGI Proteins and Epilepsy in Human and Animals

LGI Proteins and Epilepsy in Human and Animals

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for a veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol

Novel approach to magnetic resonance imaging of epileptic dogs — T2 relaxometry of the brain with emphasised hippocampus

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