Magnetic resonance velocity imaging of liquid and gas two-phase flow in packed beds

Studying local liquid velocity in liquid–solid packed bed using the newly developed X-ray DIR technique

“…Table 1 The increasing V LL , with respect to V SL , is expected as the liquid was trickling in between smaller space (packing porosity). This finding is consistent with studies conducted by Sankey et al [9] on a singlephase flow. They found that the measured V LL increased 5 times of V SL .…”

Process tomography and estimation of velocity fields

“…The first MRI flow images were suitable only for a limited number of applications due to the long measurement times (Daidzic, Schmidt, Hasan, & Altobelli, 2005;Elkins, Markl, Pelc, & Eaton, 2003;Newling et al, 2004;Sederman, Johns, Alexer, & Gladden, 1998). The temporal resolution of the MRI technique has been improved dramatically in recent years through the introduction of new measurement protocols and advanced image reconstruction techniques (Anadon, Sederman, & Gladden, 2006;Gladden et al, 2006;Holland, Malioutov, Blake, Sederman, & Gladden, 2010;Muller et al, 2007;Sankey, Holl, Sederman, & Gladden, 2009;Sederman, Mantle, Buckley, & Gladden, 2004;Tayler, Holl, Sederman, & Gladden, 2010;Tayler, Holl, Sederman, & Gladden, 2012). With these advances it is now possible to acquire MRI measurements at a spatial resolution of better than 400 mm and a temporal resolution of 5 ms. One of the advantages of MRI is that direct measurement of the fluid velocity is possible (Elkins & Alley, 2007).…”

Applications of tomography in bubble column and trickle bed reactors

“…MRI can extract the distribution of gas and liquid within the three-dimensional structure of the packing. These measurements provide quantitative, local measurements of the hold-up, wetting efficiency and velocity (Gladden et al, 2003Sankey, Holland, Gladden, & Sederman, 2009). MRI is particularly valuable for dynamic studies of, for example, the transition from trickle to pulsing flow.…”

“…Advanced measurement techniques are now becoming available that will permit the direct characterization of the closure models required to describe some of the phenomena occurring in these systems. For example, in a recent MRI study, simultaneous measurements of the gas and liquid velocity distribution in a trickle bed reactor have been presented (Sankey, Holland, et al, 2009). Such measurements will provide a means for testing directly the assumptions that underpin the closure models used for gaseliquid interaction in trickle bed reactors (Attou, Boyer, & Ferschneider, 1999;Iliuta, Larachi, & Al-Dahhan, 2000;Iliuta, Larachi, & Grandjean, 1998;S aez & Carbonell, 1985).…”