Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies in Substance Abusers

Volkow, Antonello Nora D. Bonci; Chang, Linda; Cloak, Christine; Holt, John L.

doi:10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0056

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Decreased brain GABA concentrations may suggest neuronal dysfunction (Long et al, 2013) and have been noted in several neuropsychiatric disorders (Chang, Cloak, & Ernst, 2003). Glutamate, glutamine, and GABA resonances are notorious for being difficult to measure (Licata & Renshaw, 2010), despite several methods that have been used to more easily obtain data from these metabolites.…”

Section: Measurable Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Understanding Substance Use Disorders

Hellem

Shi

Latendresse

et al. 2015

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc

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The aim of this article is to present a systematic review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of substance use disorders. As a noninvasive and nonionizing imaging technique, MRS is being widely used in substance abuse research to evaluate the effects substances of abuse have on brain chemistry. Nearly 40 peer-reviewed research articles that focused on the utility of MRS in alcohol, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, opiates, opioids, marijuana, and nicotine use disorders were reviewed. Findings indicate inconsistencies with respect to alterations in brain chemistry within each substance of abuse, and the most consistent finding across substances was decreased N-acetylaspartate and choline levels with chronic alcohol, methamphetamine, and nicotine use. Variation in the brain regions studied, imaging technique, as well as small sample sizes might explain the discrepancies in findings within each substance. Future well-designed MRS studies offer promise in examining novel treatment approaches in substance use disorders.

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Section: Measurable Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Understanding Substance Use Disorders

Hellem

Shi

Latendresse

et al. 2015

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc

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“…The CSP has been linked to GABA B receptor mediated inhibitory neurotransmission and SICI to GABA A receptor mediated inhibitory neurotransmission. Both GABA A and GABA B receptors have been implicated in depression1011, however the two receptor subtypes have been shown to have different neurophysiological effects: GABA A receptors act as ligand-gated ion channels3233, while GABA B receptors are metabotropic, long acting and modulate both LTP and excitatory postsynaptic potentials34. Previous studies reported that ECT has specific effects on GABA B receptor mediated inhibition as measured through blood serum levels and baclofen challenge35.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Cortical Inhibition and Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Voineskos¹,

Levinson²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Dysfunctional cortical inhibition (CI) is postulated as a key neurophysiological mechanism in major depressive disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for resistant depression and ECT has been associated with enhanced CI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CI and ECT response in resistant depression. Twenty-five patients with treatment resistant depression underwent an acute course of ECT. CI was indexed by the cortical silent period (CSP) and short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), through TMS-EMG. CI and clinical response was measured prior to beginning an acute ECT course and within 48 hours of the last ECT treatment in the course. Clinical response to ECT was assessed by HDRS-17 before and after an acute course of ECT. We found that there was a significant difference in CSP at baseline between responder and non-responder groups (p = 0.044). Baseline CSP predicted therapeutic response to ECT with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 60%. There were no changes in CSP or SICI after administration of the ECT course. Our findings suggest that duration of pre-treatment CSP may be a useful predictor of therapeutic response to ECT in patients with TRD.

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“…While it would be extremely valuable to conduct an MRS investigation of brain GABA levels in adolescents with alcohol abuse disorders, it is notable that low in vivo GABA levels have been implicated in a number of other psychopathological conditions in adults, including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, cocaine and alcohol dependence (Chang, Cloak, & Ernst, 2003). Moreover, in vivo GABA levels observed in adult human MRS studies significantly predict motor control, anxiety symptoms and cognitive performance, akin to measures that demonstrate differential alcohol effects in ontogenetic animal studies.…”

Section: Translating To the Human Condition: In Vivo Gaba Mrs Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAergic contributions to alcohol responsivity during adolescence: Insights from preclinical and clinical studies

Silveri

2014

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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There is a considerable body of literature demonstrating that adolescence is a unique age period, which includes rapid and dramatic maturation of behavioral, cognitive, hormonal and neurobiological systems. Most notably, adolescence is also a period of unique responsiveness to alcohol effects, with both hyposensitivity and hypersensitivity observed to the various effects of alcohol. Multiple neurotransmitter systems are undergoing fine-tuning during this critical period of brain development, including those that contribute to the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. The role of developmental maturation of the γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) system, however, has received less attention in contributing to age-specific alcohol sensitivities. This review integrates GABA findings from human magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies as they may translate to understanding adolescent-specific responsiveness to alcohol effects. Better understanding of the vulnerability of the GABA system both during adolescent development, and in psychiatric conditions that include alcohol dependence, could point to a putative mechanism, boosting brain GABA, that may have increased effectiveness for treating alcohol abuse disorders.

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies in Substance Abusers

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Understanding Substance Use Disorders

The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Understanding Substance Use Disorders

The Relationship Between Cortical Inhibition and Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

GABAergic contributions to alcohol responsivity during adolescence: Insights from preclinical and clinical studies

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