Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the rodent brain: Experts' consensus recommendations

Abstract

In vivo MRS is a non-invasive measurement technique used not only in humans, but also in animal models using high-field magnets. MRS enables the measurement of metabolite concentrations as well as metabolic rates and their modifications in healthy animals and disease models. Such data open the way to a deeper understanding of the underlying biochemistry, related disturbances and mechanisms taking place during or prior to symptoms and tissue changes. In this work, we focus on the main preclinical 1 H, 31 P and 13 C MRS approaches to study brain metabolism in rodent models, with the aim of providing general experts' consensus recommendations (animal models, anesthesia, data acquisition protocols). An overview of the main practical differences in preclinical compared with clinical MRS studies is presented, as well as the additional biochemical information that can be obtained in animal models in terms

Minimum Reporting Standards for in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRSinMRS): Experts' consensus recommendations

“…We then formed the Experts Working Group on reporting standards for MRS , who support the paper's recommendations with collaborators with more than 5 years of experience in MRS methodology and application, who either have extended years of service as reviewers for the main MRS journals or are editors of those journals. This follows the same pathway to consensus as the other consensus papers in this special issue 6–17 . These consensus papers provide context to these recommendations, and for further details, as indicated throughout the paper, new authors should reference these papers.…”

“…Below we set out in five sections the important pieces of information about an MRS study that are to be considered as either requirements, or recommendations, along with reasons why these are considered important. A more in‐depth description of terminology and abbreviations to be used can be found in the work of Kreis et al, 11 while a fuller discussion of several concepts are to be found in other consensus papers in this special issue 6–17 …”

Terminology and concepts for the characterization of in vivo MR spectroscopy methods and MR spectra: Background and experts' consensus recommendations

“…For a detailed discussion of those aspects, please refer to the dedicated paper on this subject in this issue of NMR Biomed. 148 …”

“…For a detailed discussion of those aspects, please refer to the dedicated paper on this subject in this issue of NMR Biomed. 148 T A B L E 2 (Continued) This report explains terms that describe context, concepts and terminology relevant for in vivo MR spectroscopy, in particular for the description of MRS methods and the properties of in vivo MR spectra. This has emerged as a consensus among a large group of contributing authors who are experts in the field, as documented by their publication histories.…”

Measuring Glycolytic Activity with Hyperpolarized [2H7, U-13C6] D-Glucose in the Naive Mouse Brain under Different Anesthetic Conditions

“…The combination of medetomidine and isoflurane is now currently considered one of the most appropriate anesthetic protocols available for the evaluation of murine functional connectivity [ 36 ]. However, the extent to which different anesthesia protocols impact cerebral metabolism is an important topic that remains to be investigated [ 38 ]. Thus, the second aim was to assess the impact of this two anesthetic conditions on the cerebral metabolism of HP [ 2 H 7 , U- 13 C 6 ] Glc and non-HP [6,6′- 2 H 2 ] Glc detected by X-nuclei MRS.…”