Magnetic resonance imaging study of corpus callosum abnormalities in patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia

Abstract

Background. Reductions in the size of the corpus callosum (CC) have been described for schizophrenia patients, but little is known about the possible regional differences in schizophrenia subtypes (paranoid, disorganised, undifferentiated, residual). Methods. We recruited 58 chronically schizophrenic patients with different subtypes, and 31 age-and-gender matched healthy controls. The callosum was extracted from a midsagittal slice from T1 weighted magnetic resonance images, and areas of the total CC, its five subregions, CC length and total brain volume were compared between schizophrenia subtypes and controls. Five subregions were approximately matched to fibre pathways from cortical regions. Results. Schizophrenia patients had reduced CC total area and length when compared with controls. Disorganised and undifferentiated schizophrenics had a smaller prefrontal area, while there was no significant difference for the paranoid and residual groups. The premotor/ supplementary motor area was smaller in all schizophrenia subtypes. The motor area was smaller only in the disorganised group. A smaller sensory area was found in all subtypes except the residual group. Parietal, temporal and occipital areas were smaller in the paranoid and undifferentiated groups. Total brain volume was smaller in all schizophrenia subtypes compared with controls, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. These findings suggest that the heterogeneity of symptoms may lead to the different CC morphological characteristics in schizophrenia subtypes.

Brain Diffusion Changes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…The prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the regulation of complex cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functioning [21]. Thus, prefrontal cortex damage typically results in deficits in judgement, orientation, concentration, and problem-solving ability [21],[22]. Our analysis showed that PCOS women have significantly increased ADC values in anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsomedial and dorsolateral frontal cortexes, suggesting microstructural damages in these areas.…”

“…It has been shown that the brain regions involved in mood regulation are the prefrontal cortex (anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex), subcortical grey matter regions (caudate nucleus and thalamus), and limbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus) [20]. The prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the regulation of complex cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functioning [21]. Thus, prefrontal cortex damage typically results in deficits in judgement, orientation, concentration, and problem-solving ability [21],[22].…”

“…The prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the regulation of complex cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functioning [21]. Thus, prefrontal cortex damage typically results in deficits in judgement, orientation, concentration, and problem-solving ability [21,22].…”

Morphometric Analysis of the White Matter Structures in Female Migraine Patients

“…It was manually traced following its edge on the midsagittal slice, where its structure appeared most remarkable. Morphometric measurements were conducted according to the same methods reported previous studies (Hofer and Frahm, 2006;Unlu et al,2014). After drawing the transverse line (AP line) that connects the extreme point of the genu with the extreme point of the splenium in the sagittal plane, a total of 5 areas were measured and evaluated through MRI ( Figure 2).…”