Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Caudate Nuclei in Depression

Krishnan, K. Ranga Rama; McDonald, William M.; Escalona, P. Rodrigo; Doraiswamy, P. Murali; Na, Chul; Husain, Mustafa M.; Figiel, Gary S.; Boyko, Orest B.; Ellinwood, Everett H.; Nemeroff, Charles B.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820070047007

Cited by 352 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this case, lower volumes would be interpreted as a marker of neuronal loss related to an as yet undeclared neurodegenerative or vascular process (Alexopoulos et al, 1993; Greenwald et al, 1997). Most findings supporting this theory have been described in left medial temporal lobe (Greenwald et al, 1997), left caudate (Greenwald et al, 1997; Krishnan et al, 1992), anterior cingulate (Drevets et al, 1997), and putamen (Husain et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Matter Changes in Late Life Depression—a Structural MRI Analysis

Andreescu

Butters

Begley

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

127

120

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Multiple brain morphometric changes have been reported in late-life depression (LLD), mostly in studies comparing volumes of circumscribed brain areas. The aim of our study is to characterize the volumetric changes of multiple gray matter regions in relation to age of onset/duration of illness. We predicted that the association of gray matter volumes with total duration of illness and age of onset would differ depending on whether the region was susceptible to the toxic effects of chronic exposure to cortisol or to the vascular/ neurodegenerative changes accompanying prodromal dementia. Seventy-one elderly depressed subjects were studied along with thirtytwo comparison subjects. High-resolution T1-weighted brain MRIs were processed using an automated labeling pathway technique. To protect against type-I error, we combined the right and left hemisphere volume data. We sampled 24 regions of interest (ROIs). We used the primary visual cortex volume to normalize for individual variations in brain size. LLD Subjects had smaller volumes than nondepressed subjects in 17 of the 24 examined ROIs. Shorter duration of illness and later age of onset was correlated with smaller volumes of parahippocampal area and parietal inferior area. A later age of onset was also correlated with smaller volumes of several frontal and temporal areas, cingulum, and putamen. Our findings support a dementia prodrome model more strongly than a toxic stress model in this group of subjects. However, it remains likely that both processes as well as other factors contribute to the heterogeneity of volumetric brain changes in LLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Matter Changes in Late Life Depression—a Structural MRI Analysis

Andreescu

Butters

Begley

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

127

120

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“…Reductions in brain volume and blood flow in the dorsal medial and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortices in unipolar and bipolar disorders have been among the most consistent findings [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In both disorders, reductions in the size of the hippocampus also have been reported [38][39][40][41][42][43][44], whereas reductions in the caudate/putamen volumes have been found only in unipolar depression [45,46].…”

Section: Structural and Functional Abnormalities Of The Brain In Moodmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cognitive and neurological impairment in mood disorders

Marvel

Paradiso

2004

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

207

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“…12 The caudate nucleus has also been found to be abnormally reduced in volume in MDD, although this finding was not replicated in bipolar disorder. 10,13 The subgenual PFC and the amygdala specifically project to the 'limbic' striatum, comprised of the ventromedial caudate and the nucleus accumbens. 12 Post mortem studies that more specifically examine these striatal areas may thus have greater sensitivity for identifying histopathological changes common to both MDD and bipolar disorder.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Structural Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex: implications for the pathophysiology of familial mood disorders

1998

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The prefrontal cortex (PFC) ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum has been implicated in the modulation of visceral responses to stressful and emotionally provocative stimuli, based upon analysis of lesion effects involving this area in humans and experimental animals. In a recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of familial mood disorders, we demonstrated that the mean grey matter volume of this cortex is abnormally reduced in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, irrespective of their treatment status or current mood state. Moreover, in preliminary histopathological assessments of subgenual PFC tissue taken post mortem from subjects with MDD and bipolar disorder we obtained results suggesting that this decrement in grey matter volume is associated with a reduction in glia without an equivalent loss of neurons. The potential functional significance of these neuroimaging and microscopic abnormalities is discussed with respect to evidence that subgenual PFC dysfunction may disturb stress-related autonomic and neuroendocrine responses and reward-related mesolimbic dopamine function. These data may thus hold important implications for the development of neural models of mood disorders that can account for the abnormal hedonic, motivational, neuroendocrine, and autonomic manifestations evident in these idiopathic conditions. Keywords: anterior cingulate; glia; MRI; PET; major depression; bipolar disorder; emotionIn a recent neuroimaging study of mood disorders we reported that the grey matter volume of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum is reduced in familial bipolar disorder and familial major depressive disorder (MDD). 1 The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based neuromorphometric measures acquired to demonstrate this abnormality in the 'subgenual' PFC were guided by positron emission tomographic (PET) images that showed an abnormal reduction of cerebral blood flow (BF) and glucose metabolism in this area in depression. [2][3][4] Because antidepressant treatment did not reverse these physiological abnormalities, the MRI measures of grey matter volume were obtained to determine whether the decrements in regional BF and metabolism were at least partly explained by a corresponding reduction in cortex. 5 This hypothesis was confirmed, as the mean grey matter volume of the left subgenual PFC was reduced by 39% and 48% in the bipolar disordered and unipolar depressed samples, respectively, relative to the controls (F = 9.8; P Ͻ 0.0002, after covarying for age, gender and whole brain volume). 1 This volumetric Correspondence: WC Drevets, MD, B 938,

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Caudate Nuclei in Depression

Cited by 352 publications

References 29 publications

Gray Matter Changes in Late Life Depression—a Structural MRI Analysis

Gray Matter Changes in Late Life Depression—a Structural MRI Analysis

Cognitive and neurological impairment in mood disorders

Neuroimaging abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex: implications for the pathophysiology of familial mood disorders

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