Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal gallbladder and bile

Brugger, Peter C.; Weber, Michael; Prayer, Daniela

doi:10.1007/s00330-010-1856-x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore, we speculate that there may be an association between the mucinous content and early antenatal resorption. 13 In the current study, multiple echogenicities showed comet tail artifact on B-mode ultrasound and twinkling artifact on color Doppler ultrasound; none showed acoustic shadowing as they do in adults due to lack of calcium component. Furthermore, sludge-like echogenicities showed no artifact, confirming its non-reflective mucinous component.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 42%

Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

Annaç

Tekin²

2021

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of echogenicity in the fetal gallbladder (EFG) and to present prenatal sonographic findings and their postnatal outcomes. Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective study within 17420 pregnant women during a 66-month period. Fetuses with an incidental finding of EFG in their 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy were followed until birth per two weeks with sonographic examinations.Results: Out of 5977 fetuses, 44 fetuses were found to have EFG with a prevalence of 0.74%. Nine (20%) of 44 fetuses had single echogenicity, 25 (56%) had multiple echogenicities, 10 (22%) had sludge-like echogenicities. In Doppler sonography, 28 fetuses with EFG exhibited twinkling artifacts; however, none of the echogenicities had obvious acoustic shadowing. All of the cases were resolved either in utero or after birth before 10 months of age. Conclusion:EFG is a late third-trimester phenomenon with a prevalence of 0.74%.Most EFGs presented as twinkling artifacts, suggesting they had a cholesterol component.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 42%

Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

Annaç

Tekin²

2021

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the fetal gallbladder and bile has been described in normal fetuses [21], but to the best of our knowledge, no data exist regarding the utility of MRI in cases of NVFGB diagnosed by ultrasound, nor did any published study assess an advantage for MRI over ultrasound in such cases. Amniotic fluid digestive enzymes are considered by some as a valuable prenatal tool to assess the fetal bile apparatus [6,12,14,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Nonvisualization of the Fetal Gallbladder: Can Levels of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Amniotic Fluid Predict Fetal Prognosisγ

Bardin¹,

Ashwal‏²,

Davidov³

et al. 2015

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Objective: In cases of nonvisualization of the fetal gallbladder (NVFGB), we investigated whether amniotic fluid levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) can distinguish normal development or benign gallbladder agenesis from severe anomaly such as biliary atresia. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies in which the gallbladder was not visualized in the second-trimester fetal anatomy scan. Levels of GGTP in amniotic fluid were analyzed prior to 22 weeks of gestation by amniocentesis. Data were collected regarding other fetal malformations, fetal karyotype, and screening results for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations. Results: Of 32 cases of NVFGB, 27 (84%) had normal GGTP levels and a normal CFTR gene screening, and 1 of them had an abnormal karyotype. Three of the 5 cases with low GGTP were diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary atresia, proven by histopathological examination following termination of pregnancy. The fourth case had hepatic vasculature abnormality and the fifth isolated gallbladder agenesis. In 22 of 32 cases (68.7%), the gallbladder was detected either later in pregnancy or after delivery. Conclusion: The findings support low levels of GGTP in amniotic fluid, combined with NVFGB, as a sign of severe disease, mainly biliary atresia. Normal GGTP levels, concomitant with isolated NVFGB, carry a good prognosis.

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“…Three‐dimensional US can demonstrate the detailed anatomy of the biliary tree and its relation to adjacent organs such as the pancreas, gallbladder and liver (Figure ). It can also evaluate the exact course of the bile duct . Although 3D‐US with multi‐slice view and MRI may be helpful in prenatal diagnosis, 2D‐US is sufficient to demonstrate the connection between the GB and the cyst in most cases.…”

Section: Fetal Choledochal Cystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can also evaluate the exact course of the bile duct. 39 Although 3D-US with multi-slice view and MRI may be helpful in prenatal diagnosis, 2D-US is sufficient to demonstrate the connection between the GB and the cyst in most cases. In a case report by Liu et al, fetal MRC provided more detailed images than US for the identification of CC and the differential diagnosis with other cystic lesions including hepatic or mesenteric cysts, duodenal duplication and intestinal atresia.…”

Section: Fetal Choledochal Cystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of biliary tract malformations

Koukoura

Kelesidou

Delianidou

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Congenital anomalies of the biliary tract include a variety of pathologic conditions, such as biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, gallbladder agenesis, congenital cholelithiasis, and gallbladder duplication. Although most of these malformations are rare and benign conditions, they may occasionally represent a major threat to extrauterine life. Visualization of a normal‐sized gallbladder should be a mandatory component of the second‐trimester anomaly ultrasound scan. Advances in prenatal sonography enable the detection of biliary tract congenital malformations. In this review, we discuss the detection rates, sonographic features, and prognosis of the most frequently prenatally diagnosed biliary tract malformations.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal gallbladder and bile

Abstract: The MRI appearance of the fetal gallbladder is variable; fetal bile shows age-dependent SI changes that may cause non-visualisation of the gallbladder. This may be due to sludge and/or accumulation of paramagnetic substances suspended within gallbladder mucus.

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

Nonvisualization of the Fetal Gallbladder: Can Levels of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Amniotic Fluid Predict Fetal Prognosisγ

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of biliary tract malformations

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal gallbladder and bile

Abstract: The MRI appearance of the fetal gallbladder is variable; fetal bile shows age-dependent SI changes that may cause non-visualisation of the gallbladder. This may be due to sludge and/or accumulation of paramagnetic substances suspended within gallbladder mucus.

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

Echogenicities in the fetal gallbladder: Prevalence, sonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes

Nonvisualization of the Fetal Gallbladder: Can Levels of &#947;-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Amniotic Fluid Predict Fetal Prognosis&#947;

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of biliary tract malformations

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Nonvisualization of the Fetal Gallbladder: Can Levels of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Amniotic Fluid Predict Fetal Prognosisγ